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MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
NUMBER 18
THE GENUS BUCCULATRIX
IN
AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO - (MICROLEPIDOPTERA)
BY ANNETTE F. BRAUN
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA
1963
HaARoLp J. GRANT, JR.
EDITOR
(Issued May 31, 1963)
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
WICKERSHAM PRINTING COMPANY
LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA
TABEE OR CONTENDS
TENSE. U GET ONS peventy heise oie us eho ana eres uss ctu St clchioies wr saa ra cuaasstererig siewraw smal 1 CENUSH DO CCULALI Ui LB DILD Ret eyeraie sashes eosletenrelel aay sy ey ateeenchaselick giavenaine io ois ovaas + Key to the species based on coloration and markings ............... 15 Key to the species based on male genitalia ..............-.2:..++- DS Key to the species based on female genitalia ....................:- 30 Sechlonwl—— Species mln toll Oiamemie crseicictacus cielo arae lctonsyceevews tra @ eit 37 ISCKCCIMGLIFIEE PUSHEOUGL BPMN ooo 00cc 0000000 a000GcD000G0000 38 Bucculainpes solidagimella new Species) 4-54-44 4000 46 66 242 39
LB CCMAINES TRORUCTEG, IBSTENEIN 3 55500000000000000000004000006 41 BUGGKMinanagnellan Ghamperseeer aaa: 42
mee naninee (HOG NOH IBSEN 35000 0000c000000000000000000C 44 Isxniocibeniwas VORGMIG, WN SUXSIES oc00cc0c00b0G00000000000000 45 Bucculatrix sumulans new SpecieS ...........0.ecee cece eees 47 Bnceulioninice Tansee OsemwnwSeS scoccoaosb0ceanc00u0c000000 48 Bucculatrix parvinotata new species ..........-++-++e eee 49 ISCCHNOIMES OCMMBTCUE WAT SVESIES coascscccuscc00000000G0 49 Bueculatrin viguierae Mew Species’ .........-.+-++55+++--s- 50 Bucculatrix micropunctata new species .............-0+00-e 51 ISCO FIL? WMISIOUG TRG SNESIOS 5 og0c0cavgcgsodc0050000K0 52 Bucculatrix seneciensis new specieS .......+.-2-+ eee ee eee 54 Bucculatrix bieristata New SpeCieS ............--.--+++s-+- 55 IBCCHMON AEG CRINGE WI GAO 355500c000000d00000G0000000 56 SectionmUl= species) 17 to04) a aecneee ace cues deca asae geen eos 58 sinccullaine QMowclwGcs VAG > oo0000000000000000000000000 59 BOCES OCLUFISHGQIG IBSEN 550606000 00000000G0000008 60 Bucculatrix eurotiella Walsingham .............-+..+-+---- 61 ISnCeCMMonirige UCMEOTICOS® WMI 5 55000000000000000000000000 63 SCCUMOITES CHCCMCTUAD WEG? SNSSIGS cooocaeccesags00000000 64
NCCU MAL CCFUUOUNS IBBGIN 50000000ed0Gea0de0aac00000000 65 Bucculatrix separabilis new specieS .........-- eee eee ee eee 66 Bucculatrix brunnescens new species ..........-.-+2 eee eee 68 Bucculatrix evanescems new Speci€S ........-+--e eee ee eee 68 Bucculatrix benenotata new species .........0.0.ee ee eevee 69
nee Monn pWOCCOSG IRENE 5 5000000000008000000008n000706 70 INCE AES WOUTPCISHOS HON SUSSISS soccacsco0080008a805000 72 Bucculatrix franseriae new species ...........++-+-+++++--- 73 Bucculatrn stamtonelia Chambers 4.5-- 2520-0742 06-455+o- 74 Bucculatrix wmmaculatella Chambers .............++-+-++6- 76 Biunccnlonrusr comalia OWES oo0c0500000000000000000000000 77 Bucculatrix kimballi new species ........-...++--++eseeees 80
il
CONTENTS IS CUMMITTIGE COQUG BEBO ccococecnos cco 0s don DD SCboOOOONS 81 Bucculatrix ambrosiaefoliella Chambers ............---+..- 83 Bucculatrix palidula mew species ~....-..+.5..05545-. 495546 86 Bucculatwiralaentolasnewaspeclesm epee een pO ee o eee oor 87 IENOCIMOUAIE CUOMO? MEK FNSSIES socoocaccvoscco00s0000006 88 BucculatmaxangustatasmneynandsS olla yanmar er 89 NCCC? CUMING BW SVGISS oocccavcvccdcvcvcucssoc0g. 91 Bucculatniae plucnede MewaSpecles) Haeenne rete roe 92 IB OCCUNOMTUES CLYXOMOTOGNO IAB, coccovoavvccda0ec0v0b0cCDE 94 Bucculairix polymuvae new Species ..-..--.---.0+2---2500- 95 JEM CCUI TIES, SICCOSO WW SOSEIES. 5 oco0caccada00gccov000006 97 Bucculatrix submiens Walsingham .........-......-+--+:- 98 MCCUE SCTUOUCHOS IBN oc 000000060000 0000000 0000006 99 LENCCHM AE CHS IRAN sonccacsccocvgd Deven oaco0CenooE. 101 CCW WOCCOTOSE WHEW SUEGIES osccocasacn000Gca000006 103 ICC? CSOG BAG 5 o0000c0ccv0s00000g000000000000 104 SUCCES UAUDSOCTSOLG, IBFABIN 5 oc0000accacacccagvsa00006 105 ISMECMCirics IOCWQIAM Gs IRUBSS coc ccc odcnccon00 00000000000" 106 IBNCCWIOE SHMCOHOTIG BIEN 50000000000 b0ev00a000000000C 107 ISNCCMC Hiss UGDINO DET SOECICS oaccccccaccgocda0c0sag000s 109 IBOCCOMONTIES CHUCCUIG IBENEIN 50 000000000000000000000000006 111 Bucculatris, tmdenticola new Species) 4.4 on ed oe aoe 113 ISNCCHAU TIES SHOCHUDUNS WY SUSSIES 2c00cacccnsnnccon00000% 1S LNCCUWONTIES SCOPSE WRG SVECISS. oscccovccccccocscocuneoa00ce 116 Bueculatrax, angustisquamella Braun’ 4254-44504 6 +2 ooo soe 117 ISIC CTIGHITES COMMMDUCHIO HY SUSSIES 5 a0 o0000000000c0000000¢ 118 OCCA NE? SOTOTCUIG WHY SHEHES co cancucceccs000c0000000% 119 IBCCIM ORAS THOT DOMUCHANG IBTENOIN 5 ooc000nc0ca0n000e00000008 120 TNC CHHCNIUEE CLIFOSHOMIOHOL INNY SOSSIGS 5o0c00cccac0000ag00006 IZA Bucculainianenceliacinewaspe cles ane neee eee ere 122 IBnecubon EG Ven IME 55050500000 0000000000000000 00006 125 Sacsion UM =SHAGHES OD covcoccvcsoscccccvvvg0csncavc00 000006 126 Buceulanwarsponovelella Bi Scka ase een reno cee 126 Saciion IW—=snesies CO 1 90 coccascdoavvogeacncscacnoccncbns 128 iBucculatmempacrandellas Gnamlbers mann iene tee e 129 IBNCCHMCMTES (UOCTHONG IBUSOX o60500000c00ecacnD02a0 0000008 132 IBC COM OME? COMUOLUHL INN, SUSSCSoo000000000a000200000006 133 Bucculatrix platyphylla new species ............-+-+-+-+---- 134 Bucculatrax, ochisupfiusa mew, Species sane ee ene oe ore 135 IBC CUNO OSE tre OSCLONG CQUSINENS oo000000000000en0000000800 136 Bucculatrix qunquenotella Chambers ..................--- 138
Bucculatrix
COTWCONG WET SUSSIES o50000cccscvccvesca00uccs 140
CONTENTS iil
Bucculatris, 2zopnopasia new Species 3.-..2.s0s.o6-ssne ses 142 BucoulanpclutigquosellarZellen sae nice een eee 144 BUGCKLOLK ta COnOnareHan@leMmens meee cin nie: 145 Bucculatri canadensisella| Chambers 2-5-2460 eens sees see 147 BUCCuLatKiaINUprOUISa Mew, SPECIES) aaa. 1. s nee ee as 149 Bueculatriapolyinia news SPEGleS sees ateccs eee cates seae.: 151 BuGceulatnem uteela Ghambersunn atari ciao 153
IB KCC UIAMES (FACOOMG. WEN SOYSSES 5560050000000000000000008 155 Bucculatrix. paropiila new, SpCGleS aasas- sas s5650 65 226 oO 157 ENCCNTALS YOGUCES IBENEIN 5 oan conoga0eK0 0g 0nGDGD0G DC GOS 158 Iicentniaee COPMSAAICIIG 0? SISSIES 6ooc0000ccK0cc0cob0b bee 160 IRENA CUOTUN IG NOT BUSSES 5060000000 0000n000000ee 162 IBMCCMGITULE COPE WHR SNASIES soccccccvs0ccugcb0g0000n0GS 163 Bncenteuimer COM MUG NNGVATICK oocaacnpecrocevcdcog0G0D DOWN 163 inecnlonncs OCHS NIGABOS goncaoncddnoccos0090900000006 165 leincculonnge Cunsianio. Wikswpi@lehe Go500c00000000c0g0000G0906 167 incenilenima CGC WET SHSSIES cooursaaasovgcv00c000K0n06 169 Sacifion Ws rscnes Oil 1) GE) cea ancics ovo actos cpa moe oie 171 Bie CMNGiT Ae CUCHCMNGD WY SUSSOS o60¢0000000005005b05000K6 171 neers CHS[MNCN WEY SOESES o5000000000000000000000C 173 Bnccilenrss COMOWMMANG) \BSEIBEN 51 oodc00000a0020000b0000 000" 174 SECHOIM Vel =—SPEClest OA mrdarne saiagaae ome dots aor eines a tcnaeee ae 175 Binccutionnrase jrommajQlocio QWi0SMS 4o550c000000c0000000000006 175 Section valli=— Species OS pesca tects sce essay ato es oi sane eer sets ae 178 Bnecniiatrize WECAMG ICSC occcocdcsccces0ccvdg00c000K0bCE 179 Saciion WIL =snacies GOW 89 sacosccosonsnnovagsnusaosccoods 180 BUCCI OUGCIGCHDIIG XENI 5 556500050000000000G000000 180 Buccs gossspudia Morrill .505c00c89000ee 900860000000 182 Bucculatris sphaeralceae new species ..................--- 184 Binccuiloimize Menino GimaHg IBWSE 5 o0c00600080000004000000000 185 List of the North American species of Bucculatrix ............. 188 PEE AMER TBE D re payers caacniens cee erste et ene thts ds Avsss best suelo outed narra) «cyte 189
EERELANATION Om JPIGUIRIOS <..ds 6 sala aco. aa cid ob eee Uae clei nio ela Sree Os 190
iu
MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NUMBER 18
THE GENUS BUCCULATRIX
IN
AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (MICROLEPIDOPTERA)
BY ANNETTE F. BRAUN
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA
1963
oA a
Vor.
MEMOIRS Of hE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
NUMBER 18
THE GENUS BUCCULATRIX IN
AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (MICROLEPIDOPTERA )
By ANNETTE F. BRAUN
(Cincinnati, Olio)
INTRODUCTION
Bucculatrix is one of the most easily recognized genera of Micro- lepidoptera. The elongate pointed face, tufted head, basal eye-cap of the antenna, and, in the male, the notched first segment of the flagellum assure recognition by casual examination.
In the early stages, species of this genus may be recognized by the short, very narrow, almost thread-like mines, and’ in the later stages by the feeding-pattern on the leaf made by the exposed larvae.
About 200 species are now known, occurring in all continents ex- cept New Zealand, with about three-fourths of the species in the north- ern hemisphere. About one-half are within the area of this mono- graph. In number of species, the genus is best represented in warmer regions, particularly in arid regions, where any collection is likely to contain representatives of it, some of them probably undescribed.
A total of 99 North American species are included in the genus. Of the 54 species listed in McDunnough’s Check List of the Lepidop- tera of Canada and the United States of America, Part II, Microlepi- doptera (1939), eight (capitialbella Chambers, albicapitella Chambers, rileyi Frey & Boll, crescentella Braun, chrysothamm Braun, tetrella
a INST iivi ion
j, BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Braun, althaeae Busck, pertenuis Braun) are reduced to synonymy. Bucculatrix submitens Walsingham, previously known only from Mex- ico, is here recorded from Arizona. Bucculatrix gossypiella Morrill, of Mexico, is included because of the probability of its introduction in the Southwest. Bucculatrix needhami Braun was recently (1956) de- scribed. Fifty species are described as new. Examples of all of the species here treated have been examined, with the exception of niveella Chambers and wmmaculatella Chambers of which no types are in exist- ence; these latter two species are assigned to their probable positions.
In connection with the evaluation of Chambers’ types (e.g. the series of luteella and packardella at the Museum of Comparative Zool- ogy) the following quotation is of interest. “‘ But a few years ago I began to make a collection to be preserved as types of all my species... . Unfortunately, during my absence in Colorado, the greater part of this collection was destroyed. One or more specimens of the greater num- ber of species were fortunately preserved, and most of the other species can be supplied. This collection is now in the Cambridge Museum. It contains types—pinned and spread—of something over 200 species.” (Chambers, Canad. Ent., IX, 39, 1877.) There is thus no assurance that his “‘types”’ actually represent the species described. Such un- certainty is apparent in the presumed types of B. packardella and B. luteella in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
In the preparation of the slides of genitalia certain precautions must be observed to insure the retention of the tufts and patches of special- ized scales on the intersegmental membrane between the seventh and eighth segments and on the eighth abdominal segment in the female. Such tufts of scales often constitute the only reliable characters for species separation. They are loosely attached and tend to float off en masse in spite of the utmost care; it is therefore advisable to make measurements and sketches during the progress of the work. In the female, the minute size and the transparency of the abdominal wall per- mit examination of the bursa copulatrix and signum im situ, and it is not necessary and usually not desirable to separate the anal segments from the rest of the abdomen. However, if this is desired, the separa- tion should be made between the sixth and seventh segments, retaining segment 7 connected to the genital segments. In the species of Section IV, the position of segment 7 overlying the basal half of segment 8
a o*)
ANNETTE F. BRAUN
has been retained in slides and drawings to show the natural position of the specialized scale structures attached to the intersegmental mem- brane and lying ventral to the ostium. The degree of telescoping of segment 8 into segment 7 may vary on the slides, and thus the apparent positions of the fringing scales of segment 7 and the specialized scale patches on the intersegmental membrane may vary in relation to one another and to the specialized scale tufts on segment 8. In the males of Section IV, no attempt was made to spread the harpes; in spreading, the thread-like vinculum may be broken; the twisting of the harpes to a ventral position is shown to best advantage unspread. Because of the weak articulation of the harpes on the vinculum in other sections, they may be lost easily. Unless otherwise noted, all slides were made by the writer.
With the exception of the setal map of the larva of Bucculatrix canadensisella Chambers, all figures were drawn by the writer.
All genitalia drawings were made by transmitted light, using a binocular microscope (fitted with a micrometer disc) for the gross structure, with details added by examination under a compound micro- scope. The degree of magnification of the figures of genitalia was determined by the amount of detail. The figures of less specialized female genitalia are one-half the scale of males. Small inset figures of specialized characters to a higher magnification may accompany the larger figures; such details are often visible only under the compara- tively high magnification of a compound microscope. In so far as pos- sible, ventral structures are shown by full lines, dorsal by broken lines. In particular this refers to female genitalia where characters of value are present on the dorsal surface of segment 8. It will be noted that the bursa copulatrix is omitted in most of the figures; it is impossible to show details of the complete signum without a higher magnification and larger figures than is desirable.
A total of over 2500 specimens has been examined in the study of the genus. Included are some 750 specimens in my own collection, many of them reared, and including types, allotypes or paratypes of 19 new species; over 900 specimens in the United States National Mu- seum, including types, allotypes or paratypes of 30 new species; over 250 specimens in the Canadian National Collection, including types, allotypes or paratypes of 9 new species; some 150 in the collections
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
4 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, including the Clemens’ types and the Darlington Collection; the collections of Cornell University, some 250 specimens, including a recent collection of a large amount of material from the Southern Appalachians, an area scarcely represented in other collections, and several species from Arizona; the Cornell collections have contributed types and type material of 7 new species; the collection of A. E. Brower of Augusta, Maine, with rep- resentatives of three new species; Charles P. Kimball of Barnstable, Massachusetts and Sarasota, Florida submitted material from New York and Massachusetts, and a less extensive collection from Florida, including type material of three new species; from J. R. Eyer, State College, New Mexico, from the Los Angeles County Museum, from C. L. Remington, Yale University, and from J. McDunnough, Halifax, Nova Scotia, I have received material for study. To all of these, grate- ful acknowledgement is made. To Dr. J. F. Gates Clarke of the United States National Museum, for slides of types, for notes from literature not available to me, and for the many courtesies extended throughout the progress of the work, I express my sincere thanks.
Under Literature Cited (p. 189) is a short list of books and papers referred to in the text; of these, Friend’s paper on Bucculatrix can- adensisella Chambers (1927) is a valuable detailed study of a typical species of the genus.
Abbreviations when used in the text in referring to the location of material are as follows: A.F.B.Coll. (A. F. Braun Collection) : A.N.S.P. (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia) ; B.M. (Brit- ish Museum); C.N.Coll. (Canadian National Collection); M.C.Z. (Museum of Comparative Zoology); U.S.N.M. (United States Na- tional Museum). Location of material from other collections is listed without abbreviation or with obvious abbreviations.
Genus Bucculatrix Zeller
Bucculatrix Zeller, 1839. Isis, XXXII, 214. Generotype, albedinella Zeller (= boyerella Duponchel).
Ceroclastis Zeller, 1848. Linn. Ent., III, 295, t. 2, fig. 47. Generotype, nigri- comella Zeller.
Face smooth, obliquely produced into a point extending well below the eyes (fig. 1), head tufted with long hair-scales, a forward-directed section of the tuft
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 5
attached to the vertex, the upward- and backward-directed section attached to the posterior part of the epicranium; tongue short, naked, maxillary palpi rudi- mentary, labial palpi minute, one-segmented, sometimes visible as a slender fila- ment (fig. 1) ; antennae shorter than the wing length, basal segment of antenna (scape) enlarged forming an eye-cap clothed with projecting scales, and anteri- orly fringed with long bristly setae; first segment of flagellum long, and in male typically with a deep notch (slight in some species) ; eye subglobose, large in some desert-inhabiting species.
Fore wings (Plates III and IV) lanceolate, more or less acuminate, costa and subcosta fused into a strongly sclerotized marginal vein, retinaculum a curved membranous hook in both sexes; radius obsolescent near base, R, from before middle of cell, Rz, Rg and R4 from near end of cell, Ry closely approxi- mate to or connate or stalked with the stalk of R; +My, or rarely absent; media two-branched, M, stalked with R;, rarely separate; cubitus unbranched, running through the middle or near to middle of wing, the cell thus chiefly in the upper half of the wing, cubitus sometimes obsolescent or absent beyond cell (figs. 20, 23); Ist anal, the fold; A, not forked, strong, reaching margin beyond middle of dorsum; Ag short, closely approximating the wing margin.
Hind wings lanceolate, from less than half the breadth of the fore wing to nearly as wide; frenulum of male a single strong seta, frenulum of female, two closely associated, or sometimes partially fused setae; Sc + R, to near middle of costa, R, to costa near apex, media two-branched, cell open, cubitus unbranched ; two anal veins often distinct.
Posterior tibiae with long hairs above and below, the upper decumbent, the latter pendant; middle pair of spurs articulating near base of segment, the inner twice or three times the length of the outer, apical pair shorter, inner twice the length of the outer.
Abdomen of the male in most of the species with an eversible scale sac, which is a mid-dorsal invagination of the body wall in the suture between the second and third segments (fig. 177, et al.), the distal circular area clothed with scales; the walls of the sac form the stalk when the sac is protruded and the scales expanded (fig. 82a) ; when expanded it resembles a flower-head of a Com- posite, the scales of different proportions and lengths in the several species. It may serve as an alluring organ.
Male genitalia. Although specialization within the sections and groups has resulted in apparent great diversity of structure, certain characters (or their modifications) are, with few exceptions, common to all the species of the genus: harpe weakly articulating with vinculum or closely associated with anellus and partially fused with it, of various shapes, commonly more or less inflated, with rounded apex (representing cucullus) usually defined by setal armature, or, harpe sometimes deeply bilobed (a specialization), the lobes distinguished by differences of setal armature, basal angles of costa produced as free arms, saccu- lus not defined; transtilla present in ambrosiaefoliella, then articulating with the
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc.. 18.
6 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
basal costal arms of harpe, and perhaps in aimsliella represented by a narrow sinuate band; anellus a broad or slender cone, often with lateral supporting sclerotizations ; aedeagus more or less cylindric, often sinuate, or with apex pro- duced beyond the aperture, aperture often elongate and armed with opposing teeth, proximal end rarely dilated and semi-globose, entrance of penis dorsal at the proximal end, cornuti rarely present; vinculum a mere thread (Plates XXIII to XX XIX) or a broader band rarely anteriorly greatly produced, often with a narrow thin median perpendicular plate; a definitive gnathos rarely present in completeness, lateral arms seldom present, gnathos most often undifferentiated, or represented merely by a minutely spinulose strip ventral to the anal tube for which the term subscaphium (sensu Diakonoff, 1954) is here adopted; socii usu- ally two erect setose lobes, rarely reduced and nearly obsolete; uncus absent, ex- cept in a few species. Segment 8 modified in one section of the genus (Plates XLIV and XLV).
Female genitalia. The most distinctive characteristics of the female geni- talia are the signum, consisting of a series of spined ribs, usually forming a ring nearly or quite encircling the bursa copulatrix near its posterior end, and the single pair of apophyses, those of the ninth segment (a second pair, those of the eighth segment, initiated in some specialized species) ; position of ostium vari- ous, opening either near center of sclerotized basal half of segment 8, or (in Section VIII) at the posterior margin of the sclerotized basal half of segment 8, or at the anterior margin of segment 8, or in the intersegmental membrane be- tween segments 7 and 8; specializations may include the fringing of the poste- rior margins of the sclerotized section of segment 7 with specialized scales, the development of tufts or rows or patches of specialized (non-striated) scales on the intersegmental membrane and on segment 8, sclerotized outgrowths on seg- ment 8, and finally extreme modification of the inner margins of the ovipositor lobes for rasping or piercing—the rasping rods—and the transfer of the func- tion of the lobes to the terminal portion of the vagina, with its specialized vagi- nal setae (Braun, 1958) ; ductus bursae usually sclerotized for a greater or less length near ostium; inception of ductus seminalis adjacent to ostium, or more generally at the junction of the sclerotized section with the more anterior mem- branous section; in B. platyphylla only, a posterior lobe of the bursa copulatrix receives the ductus seminalis. Signum near posterior end of bursa and usually constricting it.
The preceding brief and of necessity inadequate description of the genitalia scarcely suggests the great diversity of structure within the genus. Genitalic structure is often correlated with food-plant groups and is the basis for division of the genus into sections.
Among the known food plants of Bucculatrix are representatives of some twenty-five plant families. In our area, members of the Com- positae are probably hosts to nearly two-thirds of the species; trees or
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 7
shrubs of the amentiferous families to a fifth or more of the species. The larvae of a few species feed upon members of each of several plant families.
The species may be grouped into two main divisions on the basis of larval habits. (1) The typical division, which includes the majority of the species (Sections II to VIII). In this division, the larvae are leaf-miners in the first two instars and part of the third, and in the fourth and fifth instars (with few exceptions) feed exposed, usually on the under surface of the leaf, skeletonizing it or sometimes completely consuming the leaf substance. leaving irregular holes. A few species in this division are miners throughout larval life, never feeding ex- ternally. (2) A division apparently confined to this continent, in which the larvae, so far as known, are gall-formers, feeding within the gall throughout larval life, or, if miners in the earlier instars, stem borers in the later instars (Section I).
In those species comprising the typical division of the genus, the egg may be deposited on either the upper or the lower surface of a leaf. Eggs are usually flattened ovoid, and cemented to the leaf surface by an adhesive material which encircles them in a narrow band (figs. 35, 36, 37). An apparent exception to this general shape is the egg of Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck, which is described as “ elongate, pro- jectile shaped with about 10 projecting ridges and stands perpendicular to the leaf” (Morrill, 1927). The surface of the egg is variously sculptured; the hexagonal pattern of sculpturing is most common, and is that found in species of the amentiferous plant feeders (fig. 37) ; the sculpturing may take the form of longitudinal ridges converging to- ward the micropylar end, or the egg may be irregularly ridged in a more or less concentric pattern, the ridges breaking into knobs toward the micropylar end (fig. 36). Upon hatching, the larva enters directly into the leaf tissue.
The mines are narrow, almost thread-like tracks with parenchyma entirely consumed, and vary in length in different species from two or three to five or six centimeters, or even more in thin-textured leaves. They may at first follow a vein, abruptly turning out onto the leaf blade (fig. 52a), or be contorted (fig. 54b), or long and irregularly winding (fig. 43). A darkening of the leaf adjacent to the earliest portion of the mine, observed in some species, suggests a resting period preceding
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
8 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
resumption of feeding. In those few species which are miners through- out larval life, the mines of the fourth and fifth instars broaden into characteristically shaped blotches (figs. 45, 56). In the linear mines, the frass is deposited as a central blackish line, with the grains of ex- crement tending to appear as separated particles; a small blotch at the beginning of the mine contiguous to the egg-shell is free of frass; here the frass is contained within the egg-shell.
The first and second instars and part of the third are passed in the mine. On leaving the mine, without further feeding, the larva spins the flat ‘‘ moulting cocoon,” usually a thin smooth sheet of silk within which it moults. After this moult, the larvae are external feeders. A second moulting cocoon similar to the first but slightly larger is spun at the end of the fourth instar. In general, the exposed larvae feed on the underside of the leaf, skeletonizing small patches of leaf, which may have a characteristic shape and appearance, recognizable from field ex- perience. In the fifth instar, in some species, the entire leaf tissue may be consumed, the small holes margined by veinlets. When the leaf is jarred, the larva may drop down on a silken thread. In the last in- stars, the larvae of B. divisa, feeding on the leaves of Balsamorrhiza, of B. arnicella on Arnica cordifolia, and of B. salutatoria on Artemisia tridentata enter the leaf through circular holes and mine out the leaf tissue, with only head and thorax inside the mine. Such mines resem- ble Coleophora mines, but can be recognized by the position of the cir- cular entrance holes at one edge of the mine (fig. 48b), instead of near the center.
In the two instars of the leaf-mining stage, the larva is flattened, apodal, the head lying in a horizontal plane, but as it is a tissue feeder, there is no great modification of mouth parts. The first and second moults take place within the mine; during the third instar the larva leaves the mine. In this instar and in the two following, the structure is that of the usual tissue-feeding larva (fig. 32). The body is cylin- drical, the head nearly vertical; three pairs of thoracic legs are present, the prothoracic smaller than the meso- and metathoracic legs and fur- nished with but a single claw. The prolegs are comparatively long and slender, present on abdominal segments 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10, the abdom- inal prolegs bearing two transverse rows of uniordinal crochets, the anal prolegs a single transverse row. ‘The anal prolegs in dorsal aspect
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 9
(fig. 33) are slender and diverging, presenting a good field recognition character. The last instars of those species which are miners through- out larval life (e.g. angustata) agree in general with the corresponding instars of the typical exposed-feeding larva, except that the head lies in a more nearly horizontal plane. The setal pattern of the fifth instar (fig. 34) is constant throughout this division of the genus with but minor variations; it will be noted from the setal map that, in this divi- sion of the genus, the setae are comparatively long.
The other main division of the genus (Section I) includes such species as Bucculatrix fusicola Braun, B. needhami Braun, B. viguierae new species, which are gall-formers and feed throughout larval life within the gall, and such species as B. solidaginiella new species and B. cuneigera Meyrick, which are leaf-miners in the early instars, and stem- borers in the later instars. In the gall-former, B. needhami, Dr. Need- ham’s studies (1948) show that a non-feeding instar is interpolated between the last feeding instar and the pupal stage. This condition is probably present in all of the gall-formers, although to date no care- ful studies have been made of other species. In all observed instances, the full-fed larva passes the winter in the gall, emerging from the gall in the spring by a minute circular aperture, and spinning a typical Buc- culatricid cocoon. Of the stem-borers, the mine of B. cuneigera only has been observed; in this instance the larva spins, in the end of the mine, a dense flat circular chamber, similar to the moulting cocoon of the species of the typical division of the genus, in which it passes the winter, emerging in the spring to crawl to the tip of a growing shoot and bore into it.
Bucculatrix needhami Braun may be taken as an example of larval structure in the gall-forming members of the genus. The larva in the last feeding instar, and still within the gall when full-fed, differs from the fifth instar larva of the leaf-mining and exposed-feeding species in several notable characters (fig. 31). The body is moniliform, with deep constrictions between the segments; the head is small, spinnerets non-functional; all three pairs of thoracic legs bear but a single claw; prolegs absent, their position merely indicated by a flattish area; setae are minute, almost microscopic. The larva is not capable of locomo- tion; “it did not creep, but lay on its side with the front end thrown back in a J-shaped hook, the head at the tip of the hook. It spun no
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
10 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
silk, not even enough to hold back the pellets of frass’’ (Needham, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., LVI, 43-50, 1948). In this condition the larva passes the winter in the gall. In the spring a moult takes place within the gall, and the larva which emerges is of the normal lepidop- terous form with functional spinnerets and long setae; it agrees with the typical fifth instar exposed-feeding larva in structure, except that a single claw is present on all three pairs of thoracic legs. “ Here was a non-feeding instar, interpolated between larval and pupal stages; a clear case of hypermetamorphosis ” (Needham, /.c.). This non-feeding larva gnaws a hole through the wall of the gall, emerging and spinning a typical ridged Bucculatricid cocoon. For additional details refer to Dr. Needham’s paper in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society.
In the stem-borers of this division of the genus, larvae of which are leaf-miners in the early instars, the change to normal lepidopterous form must occur with the moult taking place at the end of the mine, since the power of active locomotion is necessary to reach the growing tip of the food plant.
The ridged cocoon is characteristic of the genus Bucculatriy, and is one of the most beautiful and intricate structures to be observed in the Lepidoptera. The manner of its spinning is briefly described below ; for a detailed description of the process, the paper by R. E, Snodgrass in the Report of the Smithsonian Institution, 1920 (1922) entitled “ The ribbed-cocoon maker of the apple,” pages 496 to 509, and Plates 2 and 3, should be consulted. The larva spins, on whatever substratum is to serve as the location of the cocoon, a thin oval mat of silk; in some species a “ palisade”’ of upright silken poles, each consisting of several united silk strands, previously encloses the area (fig. 57). The cocoon is Spun in two sections, the two sections joined on meeting; spinning begins at what is to be the posterior end. The ridges are formed by the projecting ends of a series of loops spun from side to side, the larva backing away as the work progresses. At about two-thirds or three- fourths of what is to be the final length of the cocoon, the larva reverses its position and commences to spin at the other end of the mat, grad- ually enclosing itself and bringing the two sections together. The ridges seldom meet exactly and the joint is usually discernible and often conspicuous. Within this ridged and somewhat open structure, a close-woven inner lining is spun. To complete the entire structure may
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 11
require an incredibly short time—a few hours, or more often, as much as a half day. The proportions of the cocoons of the several species may vary from rather broad and stout to elongate and slender; the number of ridges is constant (with some slight variation) for the spe- cies. Shape and number of ridges may thus be diagnostic characters of a species (Plates VII, VIII, IX). In color, cocoons vary from pure white to dark brown. The pale green color of the cocoon of Bucciula- trix flourensiae new species is unique in the genus.
The ridges of the cocoon are ill-defined in some species or are oc- casionally wanting. Cocoons spun by parasitized larvae are often not characteristic of the species and may be abnormal in some respect, for example, smooth instead of ridged.
Pupae (figs. 38, 39, 40) with the appendages free from the body wall; abdominal segments 3-7 movable in the male, 3—6 in the female ; the tenth abdominal segment with a projection on each side ending in a short strong spine, and a small dorsal tubercle at its anterior margin bearing a pair of minute spines; on dorsal surface of abdominal seg- ments 2—7, a row of minute strong spines along the anterior margins; the hind wings usually concealed by the fore wings, but sometimes their tips visible; foreshadowing the genital openings of the imago is the single genital opening of the male on the ninth segment (fig. 39) ; and the two genital openings of the female on the eighth and ninth segments respectively (fig. 40).
On emergence, the pupa is thrust through the anterior end of the cocoon, exposing half or more of its length. The skin splits trans- versely between vertex and prothorax and longitudinally along the prothorax and mesothorax (fig. 42a).
The majority of the species have but one generation in a year; two, or even three generations occur in some of the oak-feeding species, and in some Composite feeders. The winter is passed in the pupal state in species of temperate latitudes or more or less humid regions; it is probable that the period of emergence in arid regions is dependent on the season of precipitation. Some few species may hibernate in the imaginal state.
The percentage of parasitism is unusually high; a third or more of the larvae of any rearing may prove to be parasitized; sometimes as high as 90 percent of the larvae may be parasitized.
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
12 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Wing expanse of the imagoes varies from 4 mm. to 14 or 15 mm. in our largest species, members of the gall-forming section of the genus (Section 1).
Except in Section I (the gall-formers and stem-borers), character- ized by very oblique or longitudinal streaks on a white ground ( Plate I, figs. 3, 4, 5, 6), the wing pattern of the imagoes conforms to a gen- eral type, which is however often obscured by expansion or contraction or obsolescence of marks. This pattern consists of an alternation of dark and white (or whitish) oblique bars or streaks from costa; the first of these dark areas from base to about one-third, followed by a pale bar, a second dark bar, a second pale bar separated from a whitish bar or streak near apex by the darker color or a dusted area; on the dorsal margin, a little distad of the first costal bar, a white or whitish area separated from a second whitish area or streak by a darker area which (in most species) includes a patch of black or black-tipped raised scales, sometimes conspicuous, which is one of the identifying characters of the genus. This series of marks may perhaps be most clearly recognized in some species of Section IV ( Plate II, figs. 15, 16,. 17, 18). Any one or more of these bands or streaks may be obscured or somewhat displaced by dark dusting, or be obsolescent ; for example, in a white species, the darker bands are reduced or obsolescent, and the wing would then be described as white, with darker or dusted streaks (figs. 7, 8, 13, 14) ; in other species, the condition is reversed, and the extent of dark marks increased (figs. 11, 17, 18); all gradations may exist between these various modifications of the general wing pattern (figs. 9, 10, 12). A pale median basal streak is sometimes present. There is thus an apparent great diversity of wing markings.
In general, resemblance of wings can not be assumed to indicate relationship; variation within a species may be greater than differences between species, and unrelated species may superficially resemble one another. For example, Bucculatrix sexnotata Braun and B. callistricha new species are both dark brown with silvery marks; the former is a Composite feeder and belongs to Section II, the latter, on Corylus, to Section IV, the two unrelated, as evidenced by examination of geni- talia. Genitalia must be examined for certain determination except in the most distinct species.
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 13
Bucculatrix is an isolated genus, without near relationship to any existing genus. It has generally been associated with the Lyonetiidae, but is sometimes regarded as constituting a separate family, Buccula- trigidae. The median position of the strong cubital vein (lower mar- gin of the cell) in the middle or above the middle of the wing, and the tendency for the veins to disappear by obsolescence rather than by coalescence are distinctive Lyonetiid characters, and thus ally Buc- culatrix to the Lyonetiidae whether or not the genus is regarded as a separate family.
Characters supporting family rank for the genus are the more prim- itive pupa with appendages free in contrast with the obtect pupae of the reduced genera of the Lyonetiidae, the antennal structure of the male, the eversible scale sac of the male abdomen, the characteristic signum and the single pair of apophyses of the female, the larval structure and habits and the unique cocoon.
The diversity of genitalic structure and the accompanying special- ization, with similar specializations in widely separated geographic areas, indicates an ancient genus with a long period of development and differentiation. This points to wide distribution in ancient times with specializations characterizing the several sections of the genus devel- oped before the period of isolation.
There is no evidence to substantiate any of the proposed theories of the phylogenetic origin of Bucculatrix. Various conjectures have been made. Meyrick (Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, VII (Se- ries 2nd), 1892, p. 601) makes the following statements: ‘ Probably a development of the Nematobola group, but no immediate connection can be made out.... The peculiar larval habits may be compared with those of Nematobola” [now assigned to the Yponomeutidae]. The larval structure and habits as described for Nematobola candescens Meyrick (J.c., p. 593) are very similar to those of Bucculatrix. The antennae of the male in Comodica Meyrick (Lyonettiidae) “ with deep notch immediately above basal joint” (/.c., p. 561) suggests a possible relationship to Bucculatrix. Markings of several of the species in- cluded in Comodica are similar to those of some species of Bucculatrix. Later, Meyrick (1927) derives the Lyonetiidae, including Bucculatrix, from the Tineidae as “a specialised development of the Tineidae.”’
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
14 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Philonome Chambers, stated by Forbes (1923) to be “ hardly dis- tinct from Bucculatriv”’ is shown by genitalia, which are Lyonetiid, to be unrelated to Bucculatrix.
Examination of genitalia has disclosed an unusual number of sib- ling species.1 These may be either allopatric or sympatric species. Such pairs of species may be characterized by essentially similar geni- talia which however differ in the more minute morphological charac- ters. Some such pairs, in addition to morphological differences, may be separated by differences of habitat requirements. Among the sibling species are Bucculatrix variabilis Braun and B. separabilis new species, which feed on the same food plant at the same time; these had been considered varieties of a single species; genitalia demonstrate their re- productive isolation. Bucculatrix arnicella Braun and B. tridenticola new species are almost indistinguishable in the imaginal state; by geni- talia they are distinct; one is a forest species, the other, a species of the sagebrush desert. Some pairs of species (as B. evanescens new species and 6. benenotata new species) are easily separated by wing marks, but the similar and often unique character of the genitalia indicate very close relationship.
In the present treatment of Bucculatrix, the species are grouped into eight sections :
Tat Species ml =hG ee cree res | ere pe ow
I: Spectres 764 even. he eee ne ere po, 59 DEL, Species 165) 38-2. eae teeny er eee p. 126 IVE Species” 66-90! 2 aaa ae eee arene p. 128 Wi “Species; QS 935 es ee eee > 1/7 Il Wile Species O40 at een ray are era area M/S Wilk “Species “95: 22 Sires = ican as eee DO; 7s Vale “Species 96=99 2s Ben. egret: anne p. 180
These sections are based primarily on genitalic structure, which is how- ever often correlated with food plant groups.
1 Sibling species are defined as ‘“ Pairs or groups of closely related species which are reproductively isolated but morphologically identical or nearly so” (Methods and Principles of Systematic Zoology, Mayr, Linsley and Usinger, 1953).
or
ANNEDTE F. BRAUN ]
A section or subsection or group can not be assumed to be derived from another. Each must have originated independently from ances- tral stock, although evolutionary trends may be followed in some sec- tions or groups. Highly specialized characters of the genitalia have developed in each section, distinct from those of other sections, often resulting in great diversity of form within a section. Within each section there may be several ramifications, each culminating in species with specialized characters. Divergence of structure from the general type of the section or group is regarded as a specialization; the most complex (in genitalia structure) are considered to be the most special- ized. Thus the degree of specialization determines the sequence of species.
Key to the Species of Bucculatrix Based on Coloration and Markings *
1. Ground color of fore wings white, creamy white or pale, i.e., the greater area of wing light, the markings formed by spots or streaks of darker or dark-tipped scales; the basic pale ground color sometimes obscured by dusting of dark-tipped scales, the wings thus sometimes appearing dark
Ground color of fore wings not white; whitish ocherous, ocherous to dark brown or black, or sometimes irrorate. (Included here are species of which the general aspect of the ground color is ocherous, although the scales may shade from white at base through ocherous to brown or TUGSOES Bie HOS) Adoneeonescloctuceo ome coke uaa cum ame toe crc ocrar 60
2. Ground color clear white or creamy white, often lustrous, with little or no dusting except that the scales of the marks may be dark-tipped (if
dusting present minute and scarcely evident) ................... 3 Basic ground color white, but often obscured by dusting of dark-tipped SCAMES S:6.0'5.6 Grd eeollaee ee Gag ELGG ST Ose tore sare Ree RS Lo se acter me ot 48
3. Size usually large (8 to 15 mm. wing expanse) ; wings (of some species ) almost wholly white or creamy white, markings if any, at least in part longitudinal; mostly gall-formers or stem-borers in larval state .... 4
2 Because of the similarity of many species, sometimes unrelated, and variation within a species, this key, except in the case of species with distinct and well-defined markings, can serve only as a partial aid to determination. In variable species there are some individuals in which the general color may appear dark even though the basic ground color (i.e. bases of scales) is white. Although the aspect of two species may be different, the characters are often too intangible to be expressed in a key. Genitalic characters are the only certain means of identification.
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
16
10.
11.
MS),
14.
15,
BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Expanse usually less than 8 mm., markings usually consisting of oblique costal and dorsal streaks or blotches; a longitudinal streak may be present along the fold; leaf miners and external feeders (as far as
sarongiol)) shal Ikrvell GEA coacoaccoceecacndod0co0KH0DDaNDnd000R0 20 Elongate ocherous streaks and patches, longitudinal streaks near costa and iin solkels MO ciliary IGS ocodccdocvccgopococ odes ovDeDDDDDDDOUSOE 5 If marked with elongate ocherous streaks, then costal and dorsal marks are obliquekstreakswrathersthangpatchessemnmaeoooe enn rere eeeior 6 INOS WANES GAOWAY. WIGS oo5ccccgncoo000c0nad00dnKeS (17) albaciliella Horenwinesicreanlyawilteen sere eect eco (18) ochristrigella Fore wings lustrous creamy white .................... (10) ochritincta Groundicolorotionenwinesspune whites aee nce eee eee 7 Fore wing immaculate except for a few dark scales ................. 8 Fore wing with longitudinal streaks or lines and/or oblique streaks, scales mOorexomlessidarketip pedmaneeE encore en eter 9 Two lines of dark-tipped scales in the terminal cilia ....... (8) miveella
No dark lines in cilia; a few black scales in fold and at end of cell (9) parvinotata A conspicuous median dark streak from base curving to termen beyond
middle and following termen to apex ...........-.-..-+.ee0s00- 10 Median streak from base if present not as above .................-. 11 Dark median streak from base to termen and apex the only longitudinal
IMALKIN GS sh ceyern Sane ce eee on ae ee oy Ee OO (15) bicristata Above outer part of median streak, close to and parallel to it, a slender
longitudinalstredkaneaenmcoecne ene corer er (4) magnella An oblique streak from before middle of costa .................-..-. 12 Oblique streak near base, 1f present, arising below costa ............ 15 A streak of blackish scales in line with the longitudinal axis of the wing
from termen near apex to tip of apical cilia .......... (3) montana Blackish scales on termen and in apical cilia, if present, not in line with
KoraVeAIREVGbinell EEIS OE WHINE coosccccadccv0cs00009000000000000000 13 Wing marked with two longitudinal lines of black dots and groups of pale
ocherous brown-tipped scales; expanse 8 mm. ... (12) micropunctata Winesnotathusmmarkednnne es ennee torre ter ieecrireecncceerer 14 Third costal streak oblique, crossing wing to termen, white area beyond
HOE QMS WARIS oooccccvavooccxgne0g0b0000 (2) solidaginiella
Third costal spot irregular, not reaching termen, white area beyond con- spicuous and extending across wing to termen near tornus, its outer margin a narrow lustrous bar lying along the black-tipped scales of TAVIS Oi USNS ogooosacccocvsvcuo0 00000 C COONS (13) inusitata
No defined longitudinal streak, except a faint yellowish shade along fold; costal and dorsal spots irregular; apex of wing white
(14) seneciensis
16.
18.
19.
20.
Ze
alee
2B.
24.
25:
26.
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 17
Longitudinal streak from base well-defined; longitudinal streaks also pres-
ETL DMONN GIS Greece tyne ders om Perens. chemo auc favaney Sncwei ots ee tenets a elites seta orate 16 An oblique longitudinal streak arising below costa at basal third; costal streak beyond middle crossing wing to tornus ......... (1) fusicola Longitudinal streaks in dise lying along axis of wing ............... 17 Basal streak broken in mid-length by a patch of black scales; a broad sometimes ill-defined stripe beyond parallel to termen ........... 18 Basal streak along fold to two-fifths the wing length ................ 19
A slender long discal streak parallel to basal streak; a line of fuscous scales between it and the basal streak; black-tipped scales along ter- men continued as a blackish apical hair pencil ....... (5) needhami
Discal streak broad; no terminal row of dark-tipped scales; apex of wing WS, ino CEyak Inne SAS so ccccncvesccgs0Gcu0a0cs (11) viguierae
Lines of dark-tipped scales along termen approximate and nearly parallel, wing lustrous, acute, expanse 12 to 12.5 mm. .......... (6) longula
Lines of dark-tipped scales along termen distant and converging toward apex; wing less lustrous, less acute, expanse 9.5 to 10 mm.
(7) simulans
The white ground color immaculate or nearly so, any dark scales confined LOMAPEKMAT CECIIIAy ssh eegeve ase cesar aud aradicue dares comatanetsde ed alnaerens 21
Dark or dark-tipped scales grouped into more or less defined costal and dorsal or transverse markings (a faint longitudinal streak may be
PGESENI tele OLY) eatha tote Wee sier i java. ceo arsds ave haste es Settsciasatn cree earnnasats 23 inimachlatesnondarkadtstineye eae ae anes (31) tmmaculatella With at least a few dark or dark-tipped scales ...................-. 22 Nearly immaculate, or a few pale-tipped scales suggesting position of
MATS Fcc 0 Ria boro ees CED Er ORO Oi Rane ect Cee ee some (63) enceliae
A few brownish or black-tipped scales in apex and cilia of termen some (25) evanescens some (30) staintonella Fore and hind wings pure white; conspicuously contrasting areas of black
Orablackus tiles call esi niece sche eskenee score eevee eeune (62) atrosignata Both pairs of wings not white, no large black contrasting areas; if some marks are black, then hind wings not white .................... 24
Some black or black-tipped scales placed singly or grouped to form small or minute round or elongate dots; at least such a dot at end of cell.. 25 No such defined small black dots on wing; black-tipped scales if present
clustered into more diffuse markings ...................++s:+-: 32 Black scales and dots numerous ..............-.--. (61) migripunctella Not more than three such groups or dots of black scales, but sometimes a
fewascatteredsblackescaleswae emma mcra ae: eta noe ners oben ee ee 26 A black discal dot either round or elongate the only such black mark .. 27 A black discal dot not the only black mark .......................- 30
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
30.
31.
SV,
33.
34.
36.
bo Ni
oY),
40.
BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Black spot or dot elongate, lying longitudinally .................... 28 Black spot a mere dot, but usually distinct ................ (64) latella Markings ill-defined, sometimes obsolescent; black discal dot sometimes ADSENE. 25:5 cure deena inlessis Shes cis essen ee eneneaere eee (60) sororcula Markings well-defined, discal spot on outer margin of oblique mark from GCOS EA, clesrine said cilras liu depene acres Giges ecetbcvel atau eh seen cabo Anat oh Rana Ny ICTS 29
Black spot at middle of oblique clay colored band from middle of costa
(91) anaticula Black spot at apex of broad triangular streak from middle of costa
(92) disjuncta Longitudinal faint yellowish streaking only; scattered black scales
(25) evanescens
ING IGAISE TOTS OHLCES CSNSTOwS GORENG oo5oclo0s0000000000000006000¢ 31 Black discal dot farther from spot in fold than from black scales at apex
(53) leptalea
Blade dois cqmallhy SomGadl ocococnscccsncccgecdoac00en000~ (57) seorsa Fore wings lustrous white, ocherous oblique costal and dorsal streaks;
three black marks in a series at apex ........+.::--.- (87) copeuta INCHES VAUNTS TOE IISTFOUIS cococogcarccdccedccs00 000000000 D000000000C 33 Dark or dark-tipped scales grouped to form four costal patches, the first
meee SS (St, ns, 7 IS) ccacoceccngacccvcccscdo 25 da 5 OR 34 Dark scales not thus characteristically grouped .................004- 36 Deeply black-tipped scales predominating in the marks .............. 35
Brown-tipped ocherous scales predominating in the marks
(98) sphaeralceae Scales deeply black-tipped, first three costal patches almost black
(99) thurberiella More or less ocherous admixture in the markings ...... (97) gossypiella A mid-dorsal oval or half-crescent dark mark including a patch of raised
SCA SS) se See sets ccatte a te ence sete epee eso CR 37 Dark marks on mid-dorsum if present made up of a more or less irregular group of ocherous, dark- or black-tipped scales ................. 38 Dorsal oval well-defined, margined by whitish scales; ground color shaded WKN PHS AG SRE oooooaccnvac0cpengboobOFONE some (47) divisa Dorsal mark a half-crescent, not a well-defined oval .... (59) columbiana With at least one longitudinal streak (faint in some species) ........ 39 VW vithouteanyelonedtudinalltstreakceemnne sree eee eee renee 47
With several slender longitudinal ocherous or dark dusted streaks some (30) staintonella Longitudinal streaks short, along costa and/or in fold .............. 40 Minesvomdaskermiscalessinproldzandialongacostaw ener 41 Longitudinal streaks from base along costa only (sometimes a luteous Sor Alone wOlal iim IN@} BS) socecdoceucvededovccavccvv000bc~e 43
41.
42.
43.
44,
45.
46.
48.
49.
50.
or i)
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 19
Basal third of wing above fold immaculate, except for a line of black- tipped scales along costa, and contrasting with remainder of wing (23) separabilis
Not as above; basal and apical areas not contrasting ................ 42 Costalinianksmmonreonlessiquadrates aa aeeeee ees ee (93) ceanothiella Costal marks attenuate below costa ............. (58) angustisquamella Streak along costa diverging from costa before middle and forming an
Obitquemstreaka erm aoe era Oke oe aeain eiaree eae arcniers 44 Costal streak not diverging to form an oblique streak ............... 46 Second costal streak recurving upward toward apex and enclosing a simi-
lanlvactinvedmwihtteystreakeennneecr ar anmeme scimccnince (33) kimballi Second costal streak and its outer margin straight or nearly so ....... 45 Second costal streak prolonged to middle of termen, there meeting a few
pDlackescalessweastennm setae cee oie ees ee one some (32) agnella
Second costal streak not ending in black scales on termen; western (21) ericameriae
Wings narrow, costal streak sometimes absent ............ (27) floccosa Wings broad, costal streak ending in a patch of brown-tipped scales; eyes IEWTERS.. 5 0-018. 360.50 GIANG oe GLORIO CIO EAGER eM ne re Ie ieEaeae ce ae (63) enceliae Mariimas Gancily loaielm: OCMSTOLS ccocoocccosucaoo0u0dc0 (19) eurotiella Markings formed by clusters of dark-tipped scales ..... (20) tenebricosa Fore wings so densely dusted with dark brown- or fuscous-tipped scales as (© CHSCERE aS Wimilsisln eaeowraGl COOP sccccoaccgvsoda000ad0000008 49
A considerable area of the white ground color still evident in bases of SCAIES Gr A OrESAllS WHANIe AMES ocooccacccvandcocogpec0000000C 51
A well-demneal coral Ovall codccccccconccsvgsd0ccngd0000r (89) ainsliella Dorsal oval if present blending with the general color of the area .... 50 An irrorated dark brown median area lying between the pairs of costal Andadogsalmyhiitenstheakcue ae seme ere eee cee some (22) variabilis
Pale ground color largely obscured by dark-tipped scales, the markings blackish, the only white area of the wing a wedge-shaped streak from DASeMtORONe=tliit Gee ener ettene ketene ccorckse mes sae see oie (51) koebelella
Beisall loalhi Oi wabaer pelle Woein Oplee Inelhi 525 cccaccaccac0gs000cudu0Gg0 52
Basal half of wing not or not appreciably paler than outer half; a few spe- cies with wings of general white aspect included here ........... 53
Dorsal oval present, elongate, markings black; a broad patch of black- tipped scales on costa curves in middle of wing and extends to termen AD ONCMEO INU Starner re ie enc esicre) ae @ cleus ce cenaslsosrralat (56) spectabilis
Dorsal oval of the usual form; markings not black, scales brown-tipped
some (94) pomifoliella
Size minute, expanse 4 to 4.4 mm., an oblique band from two-thirds of CORB dna Ines: Gemmedl mei oo55000acpq0cenncuusudaee (95) ilecella
SIZ Cg OL BITTE DR eee Tree IR cio nase che a kiarece oes A woe ie Aas es Os 54
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
56.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
With four costal dark patches or streaks, the first near base ......... 55 Costal patches not thus characteristically placed .................... 56 Costal patches becoming indistinct in middle of wing and blending with the ground color; western ............... some (96) quadrigemina Costal patches crossing or nearly crossing wing; the third costal the dark- est and most conspicuous; eastern ...............-.-- (90) eclecta Wing scales of two sizes; wing below fold toward base clothed with very small pale gray scales, a few normal black scales may dot this area (26) benenotata
Wht gealles alll oF ome Iki! g200 ocoocccocccccovcv 00 d00ncds 0000000 57 Beyond middle of costa, a broad patch of black-tipped scales narrows abruptly below costa, curves into disc almost to tornus, thence curves
LIP WaT GstORAPEXS Raa niece trite carrer aera (29) franseriae NOt ais: BbOMe sa) 3k) tee alee Ae eed a aie CU cue encore ey Ree 58 Fore wings with slight ocherous tinge, dusted with brownish ocherous scales; groups of closely placed brown-tipped ocherous scales form the
IMEKCON? OWINGTHOS SHEN ooscacc0ac000000000000000 (24) brunnescens General aspect of fore wing white, more or less dusted with dull ocherous SASS) sraskiva wens ison dave ae ied ers Gua eatee crates Oh a eR ee ona ee eee 59
First and second costal streaks blending into the general dusted ground color below middle of wing, a black dot in middle of wing at end of second costal spot; a sinuate line of black-tipped scales through outer third tobveiliaics cgccne nice cencne oneness aera ee eee (52) salutatoria
First costal streak short, second prolonged to termen, there meeting a few black-tipped scales; a line of dark-tipped scales through middle of
EIU dh ars stv satire oe cede oycnlcrta yee tic Ele epee RA some (32) agnella Ground color of fore wing black, faintly tinged with dark brown; marks ISEOES SIWGAY Or jee FOGSN 5 o0cs00000000d00000000000000006 61
Ground color not black; brown or dark fuscous, or ocherous or whitish, with white or silvery or whitish markings; either with or without a
dustinesomdarketippediscalespmane eee een coor Ger een oe eetrr 64 A transverse silvery or pale golden fascia at one-fourth ... (83) fugitans No fascia; costal and dorsal silvery spots ...............0e00ee00s 62 AX, GUNSAY SOW Oi Gets Ale WAS Ok WAU 5 .cccccodcovcss00cndcno00K 63 Novsilvenysmarkvat basevon wile) names e cocoons (88) locuples
Tegulae and a short streak from base below fold silvery; three costal and two dorsal silvery spots, and silvery scales around apex
(84) callistricha
An oblique silvery spot from base of costa, silvery spots from near middle
and two-thirds of costa, and two silvery dorsal spots; silvery scales at
Ey Oa mre ractet ne coerce cote crit Menaicko i aera clo HAG oto. o.0 6 Saleuc (46) sexnotata
Wathesilverycmeankss 2 Anrcretslaeis eo ete RES eee 65
Marks: not silvery: S265. 300 b acid oe cane eee 71
65.
66.
68.
69.
70.
ae
Wer
73.
74.
Vise
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 21
Costal and dorsal spots or streaks silvery in male only, raised scales never preceded by a silvery spot; cocoon stout, typically dark gray (71) trifasciella Costal and dorsal spots or streaks silvery in both sexes .............. 66 Ground color of fore wing ocherous, sometimes darkened by dark-tipped scales; three costal and two dorsal pale or silvery spots ......... 67 Fore wings ocherous or brown, not speckled with dark-tipped scales ; two sil- very costal streaks and a transverse silvery streak or arc at apex .. 69 Scales golden brown, each scale tipped with dark brown, wing thus appear- ing speckled brown; hind wings darker than the fore wings (82) paroptila Fore wings if golden brown, not thus evenly speckled with dark brown, hind wings never conspicuously darker than fore wings ......... 68 Silvery spots usually broad and brilliantly lustrous, raised scales preceded by a silvery spot; cocoon stout, brown, similar to that of trifasciella (72) quinquenotella Silvery spots or streaks narrower, sometimes tending to be obscured; pale spot preceding raised scales not silvery; cocoon slender, pale stra-
PMINSOUS: oper aagto omen aiuc chk e CLs GL oeeo Ohare a aeeenr ic (73) domicola Basal area of fore wing evenly ocherous to dark margin of first costal SGT a gman re martes ue ei tsien AIA tc ereuche suet ene weRaGroks she ayseence ley sates 70
Brown of basal area of fore wing divided by longitudinal ocherous streaks ; a line of overlapping scales from apex to tip of apical cilia (43) polymniae Outer half of fore wing blackish and strongly contrasting with the paler, OChEKOtIsmoasal wl alifapcs seuss cia chose sve .ke axdorcecsneete tse (45) subnitens Outer half of fore wing not strongly contrasting, but wing usually dark- ened between the costal streaks ................. (42) eupatoriella Ground color dark brown or fuscous, usually not or little dusted with darker- tipped scales, sometimes irrorate (but usually evenly colored) .... 72 Ground color of fore wing pale to darker ocherous, sometimes dusted, or if whitish ocherous, the ground color obscured by dusting; if brown or fuscous, then much dusted or irrorated; the markings whitish or paler than the ground color or often delimited by dark-tipped scales of the QAO MITC OLO Ty perereneese oie eH Tous creveae na Tepeducietoes asta: Guo ais Goa argue ereieeent 79 Fore wing irrorated fuscous, two white transverse fasciae .. (37) taeniola No transverse fasciae, transverse bands if present, broken or angulate .. 73 A white longitudinal streak from base of wing .............-...-5-- 74 IN@ Sua lomentoalimall QHEAK 5 5.0000c00ccn000000000000000000 0000006 77 Longitudinal streak close to costa and gradually widening (16) cuneigera
Longitudinal streak becoming median, not widening ................ 75 Median streak extending to three-fifths the wing length .. (39) angustata Median streak short, one-half or less the wing length ............... 76
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
bo bo
83.
86.
88.
BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Median streak obsolescent beyond one-fourth the wing length (40) adelpha
Median streak distinct nearly to one-half wing length and margined on
EAC SIGS loz ay lbae Oi lol GeAIES soccocccccsgdcoscu0 (41) plucheae Two costal, two dorsal and an apical white spot; wing below fold to first
dorsal spot grayish ocherous or tawny .............. (44) speciosa Three oblique costal, two dorsal and an apical white spot ............ 78 Base of wing white below fold to dorsum ............... (85) eugrapha White at base of wing not attaining dorsum ........ (77) canadensisella Nokapicaltcilianyslimevotadarketippediscalesiennerein eee et eeee ree 80 oncall Giligny Inne yell Gloom oo occ0acccccb0as200 0009 s0d900000000 83
Wings broad, hind wings one and one-half times as broad as typical (69) platyphylla
lEbinGl Abas MATION, WDC o5090000000000000000005000000000000006 81 Fore wings bright reddish ocherous, markings ill-defined, raised scale patch ATES SYINGS S WHIM, cocccodovogccacss 004000000 (70) ochrisuffusa Fore wings creamy white to pale ocherous, size very small, 5 to6mm... 82 No defined marks, minutely brown-tipped scales most numerous in outer costalvaneay no) patchyor maisediscalesianeee ae oer: (36) pallidula
Wing color shading to pale orange in middle of wing, there forming inner margin of a pale streak; raised scales variable, sometimes absent
(80) luteella
The white basal third and the outer somewhat dusted third contrasting
sharply with the black median area of fore wing ...... (49) insolita Basal third of fore wing not white and not sharply contrasting with the median: Area ..5ea ede eins Gee cite ee eee eee &4 Fore wing irrorated dark gray, with white or whitish streaks ....... 85 Forel wine not darkroray.iedarke then! Drowilasnaeeaeeen corer ere 86 Contiguous to black streak in fold, a short basal dash of elongate white SCALES! 225 Wes dasha Shel de we ae ae alee eT er (55) tridenticola
IN© Suen Brantie lyasall GASN scoccocccgcgeudooonvndg0u0aGS (54) arnicella General aspect of the wing dark, brown or ocherous brown, not densely dusted; if dusted general aspect remaining rather uniform ......... 87
Seales of ground color whitish ocherous, darker tipped, pale ocherous or yellow to dark ocherous, with a greater or less degree of dark tipping; markings paler, white to ocherous or yellowish; or ground color pale, the markings formed by darker or dark-tipped scales ............ 92
Wings suffused with brownish or reddish ocherous, longitudinal and oblique MANGAS OOS oooocaccacoccs00c00ces some (30) staintonella
taleastrsomespal eimankinecmpnesen Ginna erro eenece ein rier 88
Before middle of wing, a pair of curved white streaks meeting or nearly meeting; at apical third, a white costal streak meets the apices of a pair of white streaks from near tornus ....... some (22) variabilis
INO E ais ADOME: LeU ses Lasl dee) een sl loved fo SPS ean aE eRe OE eee ea 89
on so
90.
91.
93:
94.
96.
98.
OQ).
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 23
Wenarrow pale streak fromlcosta to) torus 2.52.0. 5-4000e0neeee ne: 90 Whitish diffuse spots on costa and at tornus; a transverse line of black- ElppeduscalesraGrossvapicall cilia sane anes e (54) transversata Costal margin darkened from base to pale streak; a line of black scales ALONG URCEMMEN) | y-7-esporstoia eee ehberscrevornie ie sie eee Me haeag (38) carolinae Costal margin not darker than ground color or if darker a pale streak below it; no line of black scales along termen .................. 91
A pale costal streak from before middle; dorsal oval conspicuous some (47) divisa Wancsalmost suntiormly ibrowlle. oc aneeceenee see: some (47) divisa Markings paler, white to ocherous or yellowish; ground color whitish ocherous, ocherous to dark ocherous, the scales to a greater or less degree darker tipped, this color occupying the greater area of the WINE? 6 ob cio c's Ramo le © ole Ere CIO c. EEE DECIR CEE Cea eae oe aa eae 93 Markings formed by darker streaks of brown-, fuscous- or black-tipped scales; ground color whitish or more or less ocherous or reddish ocherous in general aspect, and more or less densely dusted, the paler
color Occupying the greater area of the wing ................. 105 Base of fore wing pale, concolorous with the pale markings ......... 94 BASSO Oi OMS WANS Oi Woe werner! earoyeinGl COlkoKe ,5000ccnccogoccdeuer 102
Scales of the fore wing deeply tipped with blackish fuscous, the ground color thus appearing irrorated fuscous; pale markings white or whitish some (74) zophopasta
Ground color not appearing irrorated fuscous ...................... 95 Basal half of wing creamy white, lightly dusted, apical half pale golden or orange-tinged, scales brown-tipped ............... (66) packardella Basdieiaimonwinesnot paler than) outer dali ee meene seers aden: 96 Pale color predominating; darker streaks narrow or obsolescent toward CORRE. dy O18 oe SHG cha alow DB pe et ere cate ACNE ec TCR ce ce eee ct a aon 97 The greater proportion of the wing occupied by the darker or dusted areas SEPAIFAtBINe? We DAIS QRS Aiael GOOUS socccccccnecocecugusnnucae 98 Marks consisting of oblique streaks more deeply ocherous than the yellow ground color, with some scales brown-tipped .......... (86) cerina Dusted streaks obsolescent below costa and shading into the pale ground Color inn Gorse Imguht ir Wiha? 2 cncevcoougscuouagauuee (75) litigiosella First costal pale streak or spot narrowly separated from costal margin by AO UMCUMCO! Otamee terete hoe e et ceFeneil erence el ea indus Se Melee Ge 99 First costal pale streak or spot arising on costal margin ............ 100 Ground color uniform orange ocherous or brownish, not darkened behind thremtrcalSedm@sCal Gaya ue Thor crcatickev ih sponte Duane wens (76) coronatella Ground color darkened behind the raised scales and between the second aioGl tir! Cosuall SEEKS ocouoccocnebccconugeououcns (78) iumprovisa
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Middle of wing occupied by a broad angulated transverse dark band, into which projects a pale costal streak, nearer its proximal than its distal border le ss Aesete eavgiivs ceeeetlne wane ats ne ene Eee eat (79) polytita
INO Guid Gayle teMgVerse EIN .55c00c0s0ced000000c000000000000000 101
Angulated pale fascia from basal fourth to dorsum produced along middle of wing and sometimes meeting the second pale bar; pale markings sometimes obscured by darker dusting ....... some (74) zophopasta
Pale costal and dorsal marks at one-fourth not produced along middle of wing and thus separated from the second pale bar by ocherous often dustedfcroundscolommaner eee ree Oooo cero (67) albertiella
Ground color brownish ocherous to brown, usually dark brown below fold, considerable dusting of black-tipped scales; dorsal oval apparent and maroineduwithepalesscalessaneeaeee eee neoe (48) illecebrosa
General aspect creamy white to yellow or yellowish, the darker areas more Or léss\ dusted Sacre es ae oy a ee rae eee 103
Fore wings creamy white, whitish ocherous or ocherous, dusted with ocherous- or brown-tipped scales, the markings paler ........... 104
Fore wings yellow or yellowish; three very oblique parallel costal bars or streaks; each antennal segment shading from buff to dark brown, an occasional pale segment near tip of antenna ........ (81) recognita
Four costal dark patches, the first near base, separating the creamy white marks near costa, but fading out below the middle of the wing and blending with the pale color ............. some (96) quadrigemina
Dusted areas separating pale marks extending to dorsum, the dusted area of basal fourth produced along fold; antennal segments extremely short and annulate with dark brown .............. (68) coniforma
Whitish ground color obscured by the slight to dense dusting of dark- tippedscales! “sSscc0 eves oe eae eee 106
Fine dusting not obscuring the pale ground color, except sometimes in dark- est specimens ; dark oblique costal, dorsal and longitudinal streaks .. 108
Prevailing ground color a speckled dark grayish brown; head and thorax white contrasting with the dark wings; cocoon pale green
(28) flourensiae
Prevailing color reddish ocherous or reddish brown ................ 107
Dorsal oval conspicuous; costal streak beyond middle broad on costa; basal half of wing usually paler than outer half ... some (94) pomifoliella
Dorsal oval not defined; markings produced by very oblique and longitudi- nalidarkustneaks vairacteccts gti eee emer (65) sporobolella
Oblique costal and dorsal streaks very oblique, a brownish fuscous streak in fold from base and above it and parallel, a long white or whitish ocherous) streaky; eastenn coastal an eee e ee eee (34) ivella
Costal and dorsal streaks less oblique, whitish basal streak short and nearer CONAS WAGES DREGE! o coccocoscean0venbudocu0L (35) ambrosiaefoliella
to
10.
iil.
12.
13.
1S) on
ANNETTE F. BRAUN
Key to the Species of Bucculatrix Based on Male Genitalia *
Harpe with definite ventral and dorsal lobes usually distinguished by setal
differences, or indistinctly bilobed at apex ...................... 2 Harpe without ventral and dorsal lobes, not bilobed at apex, but sometimes Willn A Sarelll apcall pyroy@ei@n Gr HOWE scccoccnosvccccednpebeavce 15 Sternite of eighth abdominal segment with sclerotized plates (see figs. DAG DEVIC, FASE) |S begs Bhs Ce ee OCS eT OOOO ESLER ener nee 3 Sternite of eighth abdominal segment not thus specialized ............ 5 Sclerotized plate produced into a pair of free arms .................. 4 Sclerotized plate with merely a low median lobe ...... (98) sphaeralceae
Tergite of segment 8 a large flat plate terminating in two black pillars (99) thurberiella Tergite of segment 8 not specialized ............... (96) quadrigemina Harpe deeply divided into a long slender dorsal lobe and a broad ventral Ie as lome ag tne Glorsall ONS cooconccocnsndueocgob00000000KGN0C 6 If harpe deeply divided, then dorsal lobe much exceeding ventral lobe .. 7 Ventral lobe clothed with decumbent setae, dorsal lobe setose in outer half (95) ilecella Outer (ventral) lobe thin and sparsely setose, dorsal lobe with heavy api-
CAMS teeter epee erate aiiay at cya aarti chentanarelold a auisacenie (29) franseriae Ventral lobe of harpe arising near middle or outer third of harpe ..... 8 leg pemlonedsnearsotma tic pexair- mercy scrna ceererkene. etna. sne close eo eecuere = 10 Lobes of harpe separated by a broad sinus ...................ss+0+-- 9
Lobes of harpe not thus separated, differentiated by setal armature (90) eclecta Apex of dorsal lobe with heavy setae, ventral lobe with short fine setae (46) sexnotata Dorsal lobe with long setae laterally, ventral lobe with a few very long
GEES’ g-0'6014 0 ee cre hoIC ois EERO ECTS RE ae Cnr eee (97) gossypiella Harpe distinctly lobed at apex, the lobes separated by a deep sinus ... 11 Harpe indistinctly lobed at apex, or with a small inner lobe near apex .. 12
Lobes armed with long strong setae; long free arms of gnathos present (13) inusitata Lobes armed with short strong setae, gnathos not differentiated (40) adelpha A small inner lobe near apex of harpe ................... (87) copeuta IN@ imam loins, Inareae llonsal air BMS cosoucovodnancsounsceo0dcboabac 13 Harpe indistinctly lobed, but parts fused and strongly sclerotized, apex dark-pigmented; vinculum expanded at base into lateral wings (94) pomifoliella ING teas ea Oem were saey bayiay wert ees ciaes ereueeteins crac cncudue, leurs ale sisi goelis eral 14
3 Omitted from the key: ntveella Chambers, ochritincta n. sp., ericameriae n. sp.,
benenotata n. sp., immaculatella Chambers, pallidula n. sp., carolinae n. sp., speciosa n. sp., submitens Walsingham, spectabilis n. sp., nigripunctella Braun, coniforma n. sp., platyphylla n. sp., ochrisuffusa n. sp., litigiosella Zeller, ceanothiella Braun.
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
14.
4 OL
16.
18.
19.
(a3
BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Harpe slender, abruptly widening at apex, where bilobed, each lobe armed with strong setae; socii diverging and tapering to pointed apices
(42) eupatoriella
Harpe not abruptly widening at apex, apex rounded, scarcely lobed; socii
broadlyeroundedaaennmennnt aCe eernne ret (43) polymniae Harpes sharply bent inward near apex, the pointed tips dark-pigmented ; a median elongate pointed process (gnathos) .................. 16 Harpes not sharply bent near apex; gnathos not differentiated ....... 17 Sociplargesbroadlyetiatteneds eae ean eee (92) disjuncta Son smeiller, imeniryed .occoosccodcocudg0g0000 500806000 (91) anaticula Vinculum a narrow almost thread-like band; anellus with lateral sclero- calls oO cr eeietict met eo ee carer tte rac amen cere m rierecere ee hronnbeto-cknro ora Occur ws eo 18 Vinculum not thread-like; anellus without lateral sclerotized rods (except TbAUMN ovat sto) Merten meee et ae cra cians relight er ota reel Ganeora G croccnlGmG.010-d'¢'6 0 29 Apicalamarcinoreharperevenlyanoundedsamemrerernn re ere entre 19 Apical margin of harpe with a small pointed projection ............. 24 Harpes very slender, parallel-sided; aedeagus elongate, gradually tapering 20) (HS CVCLTOMIMENTO WD) cooccccongcocc0c0000000000006 (78) improvisa Harpes if slender toward base, then not parallel-sided; aedeagus if acumi- natey notelongate, 4 Aetna’. mina ee ratte ates eee ee Cena 20 Aedeagus short, stout, abruptly contracting and bent dorsad to the acute HEADY sas abd Beh tats vihe, Osage area gat aagel Pash ep Ses ae ieee ct ene yee a ete 21 Aedeasus) longer. anditaperincatosacute tiple nena ae eee 22 InlETADES Aina Goon Waltln OME SAAC cocgccococavcvccccnc. (67) albertiella Flarpes and socii with short setae ................... (66) packardella
Vinculum curving posteriorly midventrally; harpes very broad (79) polytita
Vinculum evenly convex or but slightly curving midventrally ........ 738} Aedeagus widest beyond middle, thence tapering to acute tip; harpe with LOMHSE EASY Fe. ners eee oe eT ee ay eee ee (82) paroptila
Aedeagus abruptly tapering near tip; most of setae of harpe short
(83) fugitans Romted apicaliproyjectioniomharperevidentn see eee ee ere nee eenrrae 25
Apical margin of harpe merely indistinctly angled by a slight projection (84) callistricha Aedeagus with conspicuous rounded bulges before the abruptly acute tip; Sociinuidelyaceparate dante an rent nen Terr rie (71) trifasciella Aedeagus not or very slightly bulging before the acute tip ........... 26 Aedeagus very slightly bulging before the acuminate tip; an elongate patch Oi oMTNOMNSOTMIG Soodocccaasaseoceocacneceds (72) quinquenotella Aedeagus not bulging before the acute tip; cornuti absent ........... 27 Aedeagus abruptly curving dorsad near tip and tapering to the acute tip; tegumen sclerotized in a narrow band between socii .. (74) zophopasta Aedeagus not abruptly curving dorsad; tegumen not as above ........ 28
29.
Sih
34.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41,
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 27
Aedeagus gradually tapering to the elongate acuminate tip .. (73) domicola Aedeagus abruptly tapering, not long acuminate before tip
(76) coronatella, (77) canadensisella
Anellus with strongly sclerotized lateral arms; a ventral bilobed membra-
nous flap before apex of aedeagus =..-.5..........-. (85) eugrapha Anellus without sclerotized lateral arms; no such membranous flap of aede-
SOS a. cf'e: 6 OLS G oO. Gta BIG CORN ot CiceOReaTe CERI eae RETIRE RRR Rect eae 30 Pateralmmarcinsmopate oti emi il Ocenia eeieeiaeieicieieicrei nes 31 PatcralemannincnOntecumenhno tal Odie memes etenenocieie ice nee 35 Tegumen expanding laterally into large broad wings .. (65) sporobolella Lateral margins of tegumen not produced into broad wings .......... 32
On margin of tegumen below each socius, a sharp curved hook (34) ivella NO Sherry Cereweel INOS Cin WEIN oocococcocoasc00udcndbon00D0UbO 33 Socii decurrent on tegumen, thus appearing pendulous and directed ven- trally, posteriorly along margin of tegumen narrow transversely fur- THOWedmOdS a transtilla present mse see see a: (35) ambrosiaefoliella Sociimenectmtnanstillamabsemt= 1. ssecis si chelaed ected seco bine ioe mone. 34 Tegumen below socii swollen, forming two setose lobes .. (55) tridenticola Tegumen incurved, forming two elongate lobes simulating arms of gnathos (11) viguierae Anellus in general cone-shaped, broad, or broad at base or slender through-
OURO lemtrcrte layer Gynt Glitel Cee rsa raves sree cack = i ese te eps canie sca eosin 38 ATENGS it PFESEME MOE AS BVOW!S 2ococcccaccasgcancgonudv000000000000 36 Anellus a sclerotized ring, aedeagus long and acuminate ... (80) luteella Amelles aosSme, Or mo GhitiersmwIeNel ,55cccccacccsxcu0gsc0005000006 37 No definitive anellus, but the membrane minutely setose; aedeagus stout,
aperture margined by toothed flaps ................ (81) recogmta
Anellus absent, aedeagus narrow cylindric, enlarging to a bulbous base (89) ainsliella Aperture of aedeagus elongate, emitting a long slender spine from its
FTG ORO ech ta OF Wet en ns eeaaachepaueitvel aucuS cuseorasise ae eewaie wee le yous (88) locuples N© SPAS InOAN ASABE OF ASCENT 2 so5ccococscavccbv0d000000000C 39 Harpe broad basally, with heavy setae, abruptly contracting at middle and tiencesslendemandsparallelesideds=neenee nee ee ean ee oe. (86) cerina Harpe if slender toward apex not abruptly contracting at middle (harpe may Ie Sleadlesr tnirOwElnOClE)) ocoascescccccnseroxcanes0ne0ngadea 40 Aedeagus appearing as if jointed, with a slender apical section ...... 4] ACIEARES MO appEamimes jommC oo.ccccceccocdg0ceg000500000000000 45 Slender apical section of aedeagus arising from a depression in the wider basaleSeCti Onlmrya Me weer ei nacre iem iat ids casein an MSRM ea nore 42 Apical section of aedeagus arising from the convex end of the wider basal GASHIO Na. b'o Croco BAC OlG.b:8 eID See Leo ORC Sie eee eee (52) salutatoria
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
bo ioe)
42,
43.
44.
48.
49,
50.
on N
BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Soci elongate) threestimessas lonesasswidelnnen aan mea aeons 43 Socii shorter and broader, not over twice as long as broad .......... 44 Socii widely separated, diverging ...............--... (20) tenebricosa Socii widely separated, curving toward midline ......... (22) variabilis Tegumen between socii produced as a rounded lobe ...... (19) eurotiella Tegumen not produced between socii ................. (23) separabilis Vinculum produced anteriorly into a long slender rod .. (30) staintonella Wainculumbno tithishproducedaieenennnn nee rntn cc ee ee ee 46
Harpe cylindric, terminating in a nearly circular flat setose area (15) bicristata
Harpe: notvas above =i aaels eee aii eponeis a ci aeaeen pale a eee 47 Harpe at apex with a convex dorsal surface clothed with strong dark setae,
a concave ventral surface with fine long setae ..... (41) seneciensis Harpe not conspicuously modified or specialized ...............-..-- 48 Socii very small, widely separated; aedeagus forked at tip, with opposing
i ToLd ORR ee iranoa ONCE Cry tent ea Mea nea cd Aenean nates Dyce unt in no (25) evanescens Sociimvaniableimsizey butinever wenyasmallen ne aneae eee eee 49
Socii with short setae at apex, long decumbent setae below apex (37) taeniola
SGZS Ol KOSH MOE Or HO. WAS CoscoccccondcccsbaoccKsd00b 00000006 50 Socii long, densely clothed with long fine setae ..................+.- 51 SOSH We lores, wore Wows Clowned!’ s.c.cccccascn0cs0s0000000000000000006 52 Aedeagus long, gradually tapering to slender apex ......... (6) longula
Aedeagus short, wide-mouthed ....................+...-- (7) simulans Aedeagus straight or nearly so, gradually and evenly narrowing to tip, or
OMA? CUAL? THON VASES (0) WY) caccocpoccocedcovcccn0c00000006 53 Aedeagus sinuate, or abruptly narrowing, or curled or bent near tip .. 70 Uncus present, erect, elongate tongue-shaped, densely setose
(28) flowrensiae
Uncustabsent: a iseocetieee Uae Alene potions are OREO C Can Cee 54 Tegumen very short, hence sinus between socii deep, socii elongate ... 55 If sinus between socii deep, tegumen not short ...................4. 56 Socii columnar, tegumen merely a narrow sclerotized band uniting their |DYeTs\ toy Regier ini hae eect rer eee a ra cert each cadens tea, a cay ean (41) plucheae Socii, two long curved connivent arms ............ (12) micropunctata Socii elongate, parallel, decurrent on tegumen; costa of harpe concave be- torentheysharp=pointedtapexannens ere ener (39) angustata Socii if very long then diverging; if arising low on tegumen not decur- IMSMIES BYOSd< Oi INAV OS MOE SoeveoaoowmIAel ooococongoaccavanuv00c008 57 Apical area of harpe with short conical specialized setae ............ 5 Apical area of harpe with normal setae, setae if heavy not conical .... 65 Aperture of aedeagus with opposing teeth .....................00-. 59 Aperture of aedeagus without opposing teeth ...................... 60 Sociitslendemusetaeimoderatelyslonewaeeeee conor (1) fusicola
Socii broader, setae shorter, subscaphium differentiated ... (5) needhani
60.
61.
On On
66.
68.
69.
70.
Tile
Vi.
73.
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 29
NCGEAE WIS Moa, weloereib KS (WO) Gl evatdlsSe 180) Gao gconsaoeananoponeapave 61 AGGEARWIS QOS, HHO WOE, SEMUS? oonccccesccoasaeoo00nvddcouDSDKde 64 Harpes smaller than the socii, swollen at base, slender in outer half
(3) montana Harpes larse; but little tapering toward! apex ....:2..55......-..--- 62
Socii very long, diverging, slender but enlarging toward tip
(2) solidaginiella Socii long, diverging, but less slender and not enlarging toward tip ... 63 Socitusetoseloverentine suntace’s.4-.4455+os0s0e 4. oes. (4) magnella SOCUMSELOSeNMOSthy atatlpmaeme a smi ae tie oe cis <Io ae (16) cuneigera
Harpes almost cylindric, socii very long, diverging, enlarging at apex (62) atrosignata Harpes broad, flattened, socii not unusually long ........ (9) parvinotata Harpe broad, apical margin evenly rounded, costa margined for two-thirds its length by short strong setae; two rows of acute teeth near aperture
Oi GUSGCIEAVSTENS) G7'o wept gaecne me cts cha eee cere Rene ae (63) enceliae Not with the above combination of characters ...................... 66 Harpes cylindric, curved, their tips meeting in median line .. (64) latella INGE OS QIDOWS -o.5. deo, reece ere onal ec a coerce GROG rn oer EAC cnr a ce ec eRe 67 Harpe short and broad, nearly parallel-sided, apical margin weakly emar-
PIMOS OR CONSENS orca, ogo ols o kec Legian acre Hr OBE to Ie ERIioI Ree Ire ai 68 lage momsnontand broad nagnowinles at apexes areca aecees meas 69 Apical margin of harpe weakly emarginate; socii rounded; aedeagus with
(HEGIM ENE SHOEI ABNAS! “Glens plete, cron eo cholate sierra reine cine aioe: (32) agnella Apical margin of harpe indistinctly concave, socii truncate at apex; minute
(ESO Bit AYOSTAHBIME Olt AICS soc ccacccoccvccvg00000e (33) kimballi Socii short, broad; anellus conical, contracting above middle; entrance of
PELISMelLOMSALeMey ystercre aie ieee is ol ere/usdeigaa ecu ote arses (17) albaciliella Socii longer, more slender; anellus slender, almost cylindric; entrance of
DOMIS MOE GODEANS b.c'.ao acolo cen dino a cemere tees eo cece (18). ochristrigella Harpe inwardly concave and furrowed, the margin of furrow joining costa
near apex, the broad apex produced and bent toward the median
INBOVE: ». o:e:0.0 Bhootbloh Galore. cect eeGsCcG ck re coe R CEN RCE SCC ORR oe ciee aaa ne Cy teri cee 71 Hel PeEMNOmASMAD OVE etree ue te os ie a lectuiraeetoe oe sheltnge Muara a aye she sa ME; Apex of harpe with several rows of conical setae; below socius a narrow
erect setose lobe arising near margin of tegumen .... (60) sororcula A few conical setae at apex of harpe, and a row of such setae along upper
DREN REATTN. o's wsercrord GANCR OHOLG SIO EO TRORCE ECR een cae CEC ane R (59) columbiana Aedeagus stout, sinuate before apex, cornutus present; vinculum asym-
TING Lal CHT PN eer A sae Mt Tey Apc ci te meyer ease by (24) brunnescens Aedeagus elongate, slender in outer half; vinculum symmetric ....... 73 Soci broad, widely separated, each bearing on its ventral surface a narrow
elongate lobe, setose along its free margin ............ (53) leptalea Sociimwithoutesuch@lobestraccnce sac eras cis ah hes ccs Gisele eels 74
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
N NI
80.
81.
A.
BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Harpe with a distinct apical lobe delimiting cucullus .............. 75 Area of cucullus appearing merely as a narrowing of apex of harpe ... 77 Uncus present, a small sharp hook; cucullus a short abrupt lobe ...... 76 Uncus absent, cucullus a slender less abrupt lobe ........ (51) koebelella
Aedeagus wide in basal half, thence abruptly and irregularly narrowing to the slender curved apex; basal sclerotization of tegumen with free Eh eer Gn Gorin Mero cS bicaD ama muoinlo Gate oh oe (27) floccosa
Aedeagus, beyond wide basal half, abruptly slender to the curved apex
(57) seorsa
Uncus present, a slender setose hook; tegumen broad, parallel-sided
(58) angustisquamella
Wincustabsenth toe et aaa eae ae eee Ee oe See aera 78 Tegumen bulging before socii, then narrowing to socil .............. 79 Tegumen narrower, socii wider than tegumen before them ........... 80 Socii small, margin of tegumen incurved at their bases ...... (47) divisa
Socii larger, margin of tegumen evenly sloping to their bases (49) insolita
Subscaphiumiasdorso=ventralaplateaaeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeee (48) illecebrosa Subscaphimearspinuloseistripseeen aerate eee cco neeeromee 81 INS Gr Gown Curved wemGl .ccccc0ccvsccg0s0000000 (50) transversata SOSN CHrAning towel TOUCUNINS goo000000c0000000000000000 (54) arnicella
Key to the Species of Bucculatrix Based on Female Genitalia *
Ovipositor of the normal lepidopterous form—two soft setose lobes (species
1-46, 65-99).
I
NO
No specialized scales or scale tufts or patches on segment 8 or interseg- NSM HANETMPRVNKS ooo 0000000090000 00000000000 0000 b00H SE HObN NOS 2 Specialized scales, scale tufts or patches of specialized scales on segment 8, or on segment 8 and intersegmental membrane, or on segment 7 .. 21 No modification or lobing of lateral posterior margins of segments 7
(0) ai oh are ane Pare ea Meret NEE eae acs tatenaG mic pee aula dace '}.0'0 3 Lateral posterior margins of segments 7 or 8 or both with acute projec- tOnsantertOr-apoplysesipresell tle enna Onenaeo neces 20 Without specialization in the region of the ostium; modifications if present merely sclerotizations of membrane of ductus bursae or ostium .... 4 Curved processes from lateral margins of ostium ................... 19 Ductus bursae scarcely widening before ostium, without sclerotization, only theimarginshor ostiumeusclerotizedaa an apenas 5
Ductus bursae widening before ostium, sclerotized before ostium, or with lateral sclerotized bands; or a broad sclerotized depression posterior HOWOSELUTIN Joi cenee Sete e eae Oar ene a OTe ore Ee ne 12
4 Omitted from the key: mveella Chambers, parvinotata n. sp., micropunctata
n. sp., bicristata n. sp., brunnescens n. sp., immaculatella Chambers, transversata Braun, litigiosella Zeller, eugrapha n. sp., cerina n. sp., disjuncta n. sp.
N
10.
iM.
WZ
13.
14.
18.
19.
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 31
Ostium at posterior margin of sclerotized basal half of segment 8 (97) gossypiella Ostium at or near anterior margin of segment 8, or in intersegmental MEM AN ewer iste apne niin asi ots aleesns Bio lees SAT ole aero ie ate eke a aarSoR ao 6 Ostium widely flaring, broad saucer-shaped; depression spinulose (41) plucheae
Ostiumueno tawidelystlaning eee weenie Gace essere sane oe aus ae 7 Doxrsalsmarcin of ostium! produced posteriorly -2....08--+.+ssssee- 8 Dorsal margin of ostium not produced posteriorly; lateral margins may be
PROCUCEURPOStE TOL VRP eae c rier et eerie ah Gerais alee urea 9 Dorsal posterior margin of ostium indistinctly lobed ....... (3) montana
Dorsal posterior margin of ostium not lobed; dorsal membrane spinulose (2) solidaginiella
Lateral margins of ostium somewhat produced .......... (13) imusitata Lateral margins of ostium not produced; ostium margin circular or nearly
Gl CLL a moses eens archos en cnt a ees vem Gs ead Ren aaruale aisle SataLns Aas 10 Regular spining of signum ribs interrupted at intervals by groups of large
GSDUTES 6 o dio.c.csd ior oece oa wees eee ce eI NGI era a eee (11) viguierae SDLAES Oi MOS Or Skeaibtin Or weeny GYM SV 5o0ccccacacocagoon5000e 11 Diucemssbursaewonked! im Sesment 73.20. .-+50-05e 5750. (16) cuneigera IDECHES GSAS MOE WOME 5 ooccacccccgo0000q00G000d000000 (1) fusicola
Ductus bursae expanded and parallel-sided before ostium; signum ribs ex- tending posteriorly into ductus bursae for one-third its length
(95) «lecella
Not as above; signum wholly within bursa copulatrix ............... 13 Ductus bursae with sclerotized ventral plate at or before ostium ...... 14 Ostium opening into a broad, dorsally sclerotized depression; signum leaf-
shaped, composed of radiating ribs .................. (40) adelpha Sclerotized plate of ductus bursae relatively short, ostium thus appearing
saucer-shaped, cup-shaped or goblet-shaped .................... 15 Sclerotized plate of ductus bursae not as above; elongate, broad, or pos-
LST Ot gap ROCMICCCBE nee rime tants an jail eae rare tuee se ease oa dee 17 Osim cancerciaped sovoosgauooeucebousuesauapeno ones (4) magnella Ostiumescoblet-shapedmog cup-shapedinenenese ee ese e oneal. 16 Osititim goblletslaapedl ccococccccsccocv0scncsusaddcubooe (5) needhami Ose CHp-Sejedl scccocacngcucscagusoudec (6) longula, (7) simulans
Ventral margin of ductus bursae produced posteriorly to an acute angle (94) pomifoliella Ventral margin of ductus bursae not produced ..................... 18 Ductus bursae abruptly enlarged and broad in segment 7, anteriorly den- CaCI ee ene Swen eresmeer tts Stele a ets ie le A (33) kimballi Ductus bursae sclerotized through segment 7, gradually widening to OSAUWMTN “oin-c915.0.0 tha ofa.0. choo" ai alarn obama ola ore acai eee een (32) agnella Curved processes short; ductus bursae not sclerotized before ostium (42) eupatoriella
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
tO Ww
bo on
30.
Sle
BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Curved processes branching toward apex; ductus bursae sclerotized before
ostium; tergite of segment 8 specialized ............ (38) carolinae Lateral posterior margins of segments 7 and 8 sharply projecting; signum ribs radiating from median ventral area ............ (91) anaticula Lateral posterior margins of segment 8 less sharply projecting; signum ribs diverging obliquely from median ventral line .. (93) ceanothiella Ostium at the posterior margin of the sclerotized basal half of seg- OSI oe ean ey Ose ee IA ae Mn I 8 Oen oan Biante hone 6.0 22 Ostium near middle of or near anterior margin of segment 8, or in inter- Secinentalemenbraney renee en eo roo oOo 24 Anterior apophyses present, well developed ...................----- 23
Anterior apophyses represented by curved processes; two setae on a dorso- lateral sclerotized surface near anterior margin of membranous section
Ob SESMENE Bi .ay. cyte meade nee ae eee (99) thurberiella Tergite of segment 8 with two anteriorly projecting lobes, and two tufts of hair slike 25 Cale sekegen casita new Sn eee CL (96) quadrigemina
Ductus bursae expanding before ostium to nearly the width of the seg- ment; lateral groups of setae at base of membranous posterior section
OINSE SMENIS Se pene ee er enor (98) sphaeralceae Lateral clusters of specialized scales on segment 8 the only such speciali- ZALL OMG te. 8-§ Gos AEG ENA OS ea a BIRO EA eee 25
Clusters of specialized scales if present on segment 8 not the only speciali- zation; specializations may include specialized scales on segment 8, on intersegmental membrane, on segment 7, and membranous flaps ... 31
Ductus bursae without sclerotization, margin of ostium only sclerotized . 26
Ductus bursae sclerotized to form cup-shaped ostium, or sclerotized in seg- sGls) sad GPP nna Cinrauten ens nae itis ocr ete cee ee ard n ee Galas 6 brows Go-0: 0-0 28
Lateral clusters of scales directed midventrally ........ (14) seneciensis
Lateral clusters directed posteriorly, either hair-like or short ........ 27
Bursa copulatrix very small, signum ribs very slender, with fine short spines and borne on a slightly sclerotized rugose surface .... (36) pallidula
Bursa copulatrix not very small; signum ribs strong, spines heavy
(10) ochritincta
Ductus bursae sclerotized at ostium and flaring cup-shaped .......... 29
Ductus bursae sclerotized in segment 7, not flaring ................. 30
Lateral specialized scales short and margining sclerotized segment 8
(17) albaciliella
Lateral scales hair-like in a dense median tuft ....... (18) ochristrigella
Lateral hair-scale clusters borne on rounded lobes of segment 8
(34) ivella
Lateral scale clusters borne on elongate wings of lateral margins of seg- TILE TUE 1B) 5 uhh cscs racavenevenethace ell toed sa sne wc ecrioy gree enn ANE (29) franseriae
Posterior lateral margins of segment 7 produced laterally or posteriorly into specialized lobesivasac mrs caesar eee 32
oo:
Ww U1
36.
Sf.
38.
3.
40.
41,
43.
44,
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 38)
Posterior lateral margins of segment 7 not modified (slight lobes in No.
SS) ERs oy ees Sr aT LaDy “acl Shen OER RMlav en's Seca abel SosaahnT ttre Cas 35 Lobes of segment 7 flat plates, margined with short comb-like scales; Ostiumenvalance deepachamberess4nucn skies (22) variabilis MmobesioOlmsecmente/mMotniataplatesuyameae mers tn ie errs ae 33
Lobes rounded, clothed with short narrowly club-shaped scales; ostium in a deep chamber, one-half as deep as No. 22 ........ (23) separabilis Lobes rounded, margined with slender hair-like scales, and overlying a tuft of specialized scales on intersegmental membrane; ostium in a furrow
Halln SiromMalhy GAlerourgal SGES EoooucecoctaouegsuocogencboudGor 34 SismiumMeninomonsitudinallys placed) sees-c. sce aae ces (19) eurotiella Sionumi mine atransversely placed| ss..00-+ss5s4s4-s0- 4 (20) tenebricosa Near posterior margin of segment 8, a pair of membranous lobes, clothed
with flattened wing-like setae ................... (21) ericameriae INORStchBlLObeSPOGSeoINent Gr aie mecaerelttre lpere cryel ia fa die civbeMieeie ace erate 36 Lateral to ostium, a pair of internal curved sclerotized processes
(30) staintonella
INOmSuGhmiatertiallnpnOCeSSES reac eeccia oe cree ciciena ele lne ee cic ture ieeieeceicue 37 Free pigmented flaps arising lateral to ostium ...................... 38 NI@ Sain 1S HAS OE See tS) Goo accuse sandocueKIbOoUHoUSUHOOUUE 39 Free flaps tapering to slender base; dense patches of dark-pigmented scales lateral to ostium on intersegmental membrane .... (65) sporobolella Free flaps semicircular ; no dense patches of scales on intersegmental mem- [DPBIO® 6 cvateho p bieto ROnteN Cace roia ec Orr ICR Rear ee ae (35) ambrosiaefoliella
Lateral tufts of slender elongate scales on intersegmental membrane and on segment 8; signum leaf-shaped, composed of radiating ribs (39) angustata
N@E OS GOW -c S.c crore Geshe Gets StolO CHS Gert RR ie oe ogre ace erica ae 40 Specialized scales margining sclerotized dorsal and ventral bands of the DASE AEA Or SQAMMGME S .sccec0c0scn0covcccv0s00KNE (28) flourensiae iNossuchesc eropizedubandsronksegmentioMpneereee ene ne eee ene a. 41 Segment 8 ventrally clothed and margined with clusters of specialized S Call CS paeas ete peierair cy Shee eres ole rere a ests crt Meecha settie etenare ia cbscibeaue arte sues 3 42 Segment 8 not clothed with clusters of specialized scales; specialized scales int DAEKSME OM SaanSme C win GlomiMEGl EKOBOS saccococvvccvsoo000e00 43 A pair of arcs of dark-pigmented small scales, curving outward and pos- teriorly from mid-anterior margin of segment 8 .... (26) benenotata INoEStichidank=piementediancssaeeee eerie ono: (25) evanescens
On each side of ostium on segment 8, a large patch of minute specialized scales, with strongly sclerotized margin toward midventral line
(27) floccosa
Specialized scales if present on sternite of 8 not thus margined ....... 44
Near each lateral margin of intersegmental membrane, a dense patch of
minute dark scales in a more or less depressed pocket ........... 45
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
34
45.
46.
48.
49,
50.
on bo
on on
56.
or NI
BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Patches of minute specialized scales if present on the intersegmental mem- brane not in laterall depressed pockets ..........-.----+-:--55+- 49
Ostium in a shallow sinus, margined by a strongly sclerotized horseshoe- MASA GUI goo gobodouscogdonedscocsbue adore (46) sexnotata INowsuchhorseshoe=shapedmstauctunemmeree een eeiereccr 46 Ostium in a large nearly circular depression in segment 8 .. (44) speciosa iINowsuch#larcemcincularmdepressione ane noe eee cee ere: 47 Ductus bursae opening into a broad heart-shaped depression (45) subnitens No such heart-shaped depression, ostium circular ................... 48 Ventral posterior margin of segment 7 with lateral pointed projections; ductus bursae forked in segment 7 ..............-- (43) polymniae Lateral margins of ostium produced into truncated flanges .. (37) taeniola Ductus bursae several times the length of the body and coiled, and except in its posterior third, armed with rows of teeth; on anterior dorsal margin of segment 8, a mass of small specialized scales (89) ainsliella Ductus bursae short; segment 7 and intersegmental membrane overlying basalshalitoieseements sarees serene lee e Cebit 50 Clusters, lines or masses of minute specialized scales attached at the ante- rior dorsal margin of segment 8 (litigiosella will fall under this head- AG KoA) eee ae eee Re ear a nee HI ORyE ty inlet nA cid.0-0'0-6:0 0 51 Without such groups of specialized scales ........... 00000 e eee ee eee 63 On each side of ostium on sternite of segment 8, a tuft of pigmented spe- clalized: scales: ips arctan cis a ene eee aeons Serta Seen ce eto CeCe. 52 No tufts of specialized scales attached to sternite of segment 8 on each side OL MOSH: sate, Aas maeieen ti eharttein wig aie: Mois eae oOo te Eee tate eee 58 Specialized scale patches on intersegmental membrane ventral to ostium . 53 No specialized scale patches on intersegmental membrane ventral to ostium (78) wmprovisa Specialized scales on the intersegmental membrane forming an arch or a brOad Hane: srecah stvsieteeaiee cu pee aeesmene ne Ie artel eaten leer ene area 54 Specialized scales on the intersegmental membrane in two tufts ...... 56 Specialized scales forming a semicircular arch .................-.-. 55 Specialized scales forming an arc, scales short ...... (72) quinquenotella Scales of arch long, projecting beyond margin of segment 7; scales of tufts Ox Guero Oe S alll abl coocoosocvacceccgvgaccuny (71) trifasciella Scales of arch shorter, scarcely projecting; scales of tufts of sternite of Sonera MAO la GbOCGIS) sa) nmi ast e acepgue aR ibuEe Kecit clio hs BNIB adi aan (79) polytita Tufts on intersegmental membrane dense, connected by less closely placed S Call CS Preehiie ctene ca ater neane most vee ne es eet ne eee REE (76) coronatella Tiatsinotsconnected ys py t ak wieln ueltents Aira atel ance era en ee teen nee 57 Wives levee, lenerell to OBIT « oco000cc0nd090000006 (77) canadensisella
Tufts small, placed midventrally .................... (70) ochrisuffusa
unr (oe)
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
68.
69.
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 35
A dense median tuft of specialized scales on intersegmental mem- [DREN ELS eas O's yd price oo SOI Gale REM Ser ter CEG CR eC Caer na ge 59 No median tuft of specialized scales on intersegmental membrane; special- WAGl SERIES uA Bin Ain OF Bim ERO 4 aqocancsasecnobansnonose 60 Near posterior ventral margin of segment 7 on intersegmental membrane an are of specialized scales; a mass of minute scales at anterior mar- CHiN Oh LOANS Or Gas SY oocooosonvcocvacoovcoccc (73) domicola No such are of specialized scales on intersegmental membrane; on ante- terior margin of tergite of segment 8, a short group of specialized scales, and anterior to it, on intersegmental membrane, a mass of small
SEAS 5.5.5: eho StS eh 6 RGIS CLO ONC ere accep eae (74) sophopasta Specialized scales on intersegmental membrane forming an acute arch .. 61 Specialized scales on intersegmental membrane forming anarc........ 62
Specialized scales of the anterior dorsal margin of segment 8 cylindric, tapering to a conical apex; fringing scales of segment 7 of several SES oe ooo de-0 ba oo COE DIO oe Gp Oe OE ae ee ea (68) coniforma
Specialized scales of dorsal margin of segment 8 not as above; bursa copulatrix bilobed, the posterior lobe receiving the ductus seminalis
(69) platyphylla
Arc of specialized scales long; apophyses long ........ (84) callistricha
Arc of specialized scales shorter; apophyses short ........ (83) fugitans
Sternite of segment 7 strongly sclerotized and transversely wrinkled
(90) eclecta
Sternite of segment 7 not transversely wrinkled .................... 64 Long specialized scales fringing the posterior margins of segment 7 the Only SPACER GEASS. Soa go cadouuoe saa udu codeua me ce os Uae 65 Specialized scale patches present on intersegmental membrane ....... 66 A free pouch-like invagination of membrane within ventral margin of OSUNCGAD. oi'9. Bd eleS OREO Oo ere Sr eee Te (88) locuples No pouch-like invagination, margin of ostium and ductus bursae immedi- ately before ostium armed with teeth .............. (81) recognita Specialized scales forming an arch or an arc on intersegmental membrane WOMETAll KO) ONE, wi cinie-o Old Go out eee One Gre a NOT OIE aR ee eee rae eis 67 Specialized scales grouped into two small tufts; ostium with pouch-like evuerrelll | ESRD ENTG TIONG "a ig cise orcee ere Bee een Bieta takes ane ei (80) luteella
Arch acute, dark-pigmented and conspicuous; ductus bursae dentate (66) packardella
An are or a low rounded arch on intersegmental membrane .......... 68 A dentate sclerotized band near middle of ductus bursae .. (67) albertiella Nomsichadentate: bandroniductussbunsael semanas ram eee ses. es eae 69 An arch, broad at ends, with several rows of scales ....... (87) copeuta An arc of short broad specialized scales ................ (82) paroptila
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
36
BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
B. Segment 9 of abdomen modified; ovipositor modified, inner margins of lobes developed into rasping or cutting rods (species 47-64).
1.
10.
11.
13.
With a lateral depressed pocket of minute specialized scales on interseg-
mental membrane near anterior margin of segment 8 ............ 2 Without such a depressed pocket of minute specialized scales ......... 5 With a narrow raised plate near each lateral margin of sternite of seg-
16g = gol Mean norte ar fe ern (ore cette dene corny ra eel ream lees Mrouhain (57) seorsa Wistinonte sien a maiseel AIS cooocbooovbnonsscovccndogoD00KDG0K0000000 3 With lateral fan-shaped tufts of specialized scales on segment 8 or at mar-
giMOnunterse suentalamenib ranean ane eran reser 4 Without such fan-shaped tufts; lateral ventral surface of segment 8 finely
HEtiCulater ax cients Meier eee (58) angustisquamella Fan-shaped tufts near anterior margin of segment 8 .... (55) tridenticola Fan-shaped tufts near posterior margin of segment 8 .... (56) spectabilis Sclerotized section of ductus bursae bending to the right ............. 6 Sclerotized section of ductus bursae not bending to the right, but lying in
smectite) 28. Pex sega rcacnel ochre em et eer ee ee 13 On each side of ostium, the inner margin of a rounded depressed area rises
HO) MONSON AL MANCONY GC ENO scagcocovonvc000b0G000DGD DODD DONS 7 Whithoutisachankerectiplatcense ert ee eer a 8
Ostium and sclerotized section of ductus bursae abruptly wide (52) salutatoria Ostium and sclerotized section of ductus bursae not abruptly widening (51) koebelella Ductus bursae opening into a deep broad depression with pointed flaring
latexalinarciiSer erence merece (59) columbiana, (60) sororcula Not as abome cnt c cel Adlans oe oe oui ee oe See Seen cere eet eee 9 Ostium in a more or less funnel-shaped depression, with lateral obliquely Haring bands sculptunedionneticulatemnnnma anon neoe oe eerie 10 Ostium not in a funnel-shaped depression; lateral bands transverse; a pair of circular spinulose areas on tergite of segment 8 .... (53) leptalea Lateral bands sharply defined and parallel-sided; fan-shaped tufts of scales laterallyontsesimenttSsann eae sae et onnoTe oornenenere 11 Bateralaibandsmnotawellidetinede an eee entero eer mercer WZ
Sclerotized section of ductus bursae extending into segment 6 (48) ilecebrosa Sclerotized section of ductus bursae short, not extending anterior to seg-
DOCK =S A ERY ae Nieto Mine Ma tr eae Mees ree Mcneela in enue cs & (49) insolita A fan-shaped group of slender specialized scales near each lateral posterior margin of intersegmental membrane ................ (54) arnicella Without such tufts of specialized scales ................0.. (47) divisa
Tips of ovipositor lobes prolonged into strongly sclerotized cutting points; segment 8 with latero-ventral scale tufts and lateral margining hair- SCALES ee Siraverteahcerccee hoy sexstie orev tonsa: ore en ene ree (64) latella
-
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 37
Inner margins of ovipositor lobes modified into rasping rods (typical of LMESStDSECtIOM) eee Aotere rane banca carat neuen tsi vancmheaes 14 14. Posterior apophyses heavy, clavate, appearing as anterior prolongations of line selenanacdl saemene 9 5c ocossceucsbououododeobuOganaGeoReE 15 Posterior apophyses long and slender; on segment 8, lateral patches of spe- cialized scales and midventrally a pair of reticulate patches (61) nigripunctella Segment 9 partially dark-pigmented; anterior lateral margins of segment 8 produced; a pair of midventral scale tufts and lateral to these a second {DENOE 9 Go, Gogtend ch eRet cs Che meee et roh oa cet ere ee ee (63) enceliae Segment 9 not dark-pigmented; no such elaborate scale tufts (62) atrosignata
i wat
SECTION | Species 1 to 16
In this section are included a number of species whose larvae, in-so- far as the life histories are known, are gall-formers or stem borers, feeding on various species of Compositae with the possible exception of musitata new species, which is reported as “ bred from Juniperus com- munis’ (Brower). All are comparatively large species, the ground color of the fore wing (except in cuneigera) white or nearly white; the markings, if any, at least in part longitudinal. The largest species of the genus belong in this section, in wing expanse measuring up to 15 mm. Venation appears to be less stabilized than in the typical mem- bers of the genus. Figures 28, 29, 30, 30a illustrate variation within a species in this section.
Except in the most specialized species of the section, the genitalia are closely similar, but with slight and constant differences. The male genitalia are characterized by the (usually) broad harpes, their apices bearing heavy setae, often modified into short blunt cones, or long strong setae; socii usually arising low on the tegumen, often long and tending to diverge widely; aedeagus short cylindric or attenuated to- ward apex, often bearing opposing teeth at apex. The female genitalia are of a simple type, without specialization in the region of the ostium; rarely groups of specialized scales may be present on sternite of seg- ment 8.
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
38 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
(1) Bucculatrix fusicola Braun (Figs. 3, 41, 58, 58a, 58b, 59, 59a.)
1920. Bucculatrix fusicola Braun, Ent. News XXXI: 76. Type 2, Cincinnati, Ohio [A.F.B.Coll.].
Head white, middle of tuft sometimes with a faint ocherous tinge; antennae white, shading to pale fuscous toward the tips. Thorax and fore wings white, the wing (fig. 3) marked with ocherous streaks, which are sometimes slightly dusted with brown; a median streak from base, sometimes faint, extends nearly to the middle of the wing; a second streak lying below costa and arising at about basal third, is obliquely placed and curves slightly dorsad ending beyond the tip of the basal streak; just beyond middle of costa, a straight oblique streak from costa crossing the wing and meeting on the termen the end of a line of black scales which extends along termen to apex but does not extend outward through the cilia; beyond this streak an oblique patch of slightly brownish- dusted ocherous scales, its inner edge parallel to the preceding costal streak; a faint and somewhat irregular curved streak from mid-dorsum is marked on the fold by a few black scales; a line of black scales in the cilia from tornus to apex is slightly convex outwardly and meets the tip of the terminal row of black scales at apex. Cilia white, below apex faintly tinged with ocherous. Hind wings and cilia brownish ocherous. Legs white, tips of tarsal segments spotted with black. Abdomen whitish, shaded with fuscous.
Alar expanse 12 to 12.5 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 58, 58a, 58b). Harpes broadly rounded, apical half setose, setae ranging from heavy short blunt conical at apical margin to longer and more pointed, and finally to slender hairs proximad; socii slender elongate, setae moderately long; aedeagus short, straight, with two pairs of opposing teeth at apex; scale sac present.
Female genitalia (figs. 59, 59a). Ostium circular, ductus bursae immedi- ately before ostium minutely spinulose; signum a narrow oblique ring; spines of signum ribs short and curved.
Specimens examined.—3 6,6 @.
Outo: Cincinnati, 2 type, May 24, 1919, rearing record B.1014; 1 8 para- type, June 16, 1906; 2 6, 4 @, rearing record B.1014, with dates of emergence from June 5 to June 22, 1920; 1 2, June 30, 1934 [A.F.B.Coll.].
The larvae form slender spindle-shaped galls (fig. 41) on stems of Helianthus trachelifolius Mill., usually toward the upper part of the stem. Galls vary in length and diameter from 2 cm. in length with a diameter of .5 cm. to 4 or 5 cm. in length with a correspondingly lesser diameter. [Feeding is completed in the latter half of September, the larva hibernating in the gall through the winter, escaping in the spring through a minute circular aperture. The cocoon is blackish fuscous,
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 39
with five or six sharp ridges which stand out as pale lines; the smooth cocoon described for the type is abnormal.
This species is separated from its allies by the longitudinal ocherous streak below costa, which nowhere touches costa, and the configuration of the lines of black scales along termen.
The reared specimens and the two flown specimens listed above are the only representatives of this species I have seen. Most of the cap- tured specimens referred to this species in the original description be- long to the following species, solidaginiella, new species. The speci- mens identified by Breland and Schmitt in their paper on the “ Biology of Two Sunflower Gall Makers” (Ent. News, LIX, pp. 225-234, 1948) as B. fusicola Braun are examples of 5. simulans, new species, and are included in the type series of that species. The galls figured by these authors do not resemble those of 5. fusicola.
(2) Bucculatrix solidaginiella new species (Figs. 1, 2, 30, 30a, 62, 62a, 63, 63a, 63b.)
Head white, antennae white, shading outwardly to pale fuscous in darker- marked specimens. Thorax and fore wings white, the wings marked with pale ocherous to brownish ocherous streaks; a median streak from base to beyond one-third, usually broadening outwardly, but often faint or nearly absent; from basal third of costa an oblique streak, which may meet a second costal streak, slightly less oblique, which passes across the wing to a group of dark-tipped scales (rarely wanting) on termen; a third costal streak, less oblique than the second, crosses the wing to termen; from middle of termen, a line of dark-tipped scales extends to apex, and is continued as a brown hair pencil to the tips of the apical cilia, contrasting with the white costal cilia; cilia below apex brown- ish ocherous, with a line of dark scales which meets the apical brown pencil at about its middle; just within the dorsal margin and near its middle, rarely touching the margin, an ocherous streak, lying mostly in the fold and sometimes attaining the second costal streak near termen, is marked on the fold by a few black scales, absent in pale specimens. Hind wings and cilia brownish ocherous, slightly darker in the male. Legs, including tarsal segments, wholly whitish. Abdomen whitish.
Alar expanse 11 to 12.5 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 62, 62a). Apical costal area of harpe with heavy blunt conical setae (fig. 62a); socii diverging, very long, slender, enlarged distally, arising remote from tip of tegumen; a slight sclerotization ventral to the ali- mentary canal suggests a rudimentary subscaphium; aedeagus straight, slender and tapering to tip. Scale sac present.
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
40 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Female genitalia (figs. 63, 63a, 63b). Anterior ventral margin of ostium sclerotized, lateral margins produced posteriorly and converging, the area thus enclosed microscopically spinulose; ductus bursae expanding before ostium; sig- num a broad ring, somewhat narrower dorsally, near posterior end of bursa and slightly constricting it; ribs regularly or irregularly spined, spines short.
Type—é, C. Mo. (probably near St. Louis), on Solidago, 6/7, 85 (Miss Murtfeldt) and bearing the number 244 [U.S.N.M., Type No. 65013].
Allotype-——@, same data as the type, except date of emergence 6/10, 85 [U.S.N.M.].
Paratypes.—36 6, 36 2, distributed as follows: 1 2, same data as the type [U.S.N.M.]; 2 6, 2 2, Missouri, labeled “on Solidago,” June 6-9 (Murtfeldt Coll.) [Cornell U.]; 1 6, Putnam Co., IIL, June 25, 1950, “ reared ex larva on Solidago” (M. O. Glenn) [U.S.N.M.]; 1 ¢, Decatur, Ill., June 17 [U.S.N.M.]; 8 6,6 @, Cincinnati, Ohio, June 17 to July 8 (A. F. Braun) [A.F.B.Coll.]; 1 6,1 2, Ft. Hill, Highland Co., Ohio, on Solidago ulmifolia Muhl., rearing record B.2169, dates of emergence June 10, June 11 [A.F.B.Coll.]; 3 2, Oak Station, Allegheny Co., Pa., June 25, July 14, July 18 (Fred Marloff) [A.F.B. Coll. and U.S.N.M.); 1.6, Ocean View, Va. (W. D. Kearfott) [U.S.N.M.]; 8 6, 6 2, Essex Co. Park, N. J., June 29 to July 20 (W. D. Kearfott) [U.S.N.M.]; 2 6, Essex Co. Park, N. J., June 29, June 30 (W. D. Kearfott) [A.F.B.Coll.]; 1 6, 1 2, New Lisbon, N. J., June 24, June 26 (E. P. Darling- ton) [A.N.S.P.]; 1 ¢, Montclair, N. J., July 17 (W. D. Kearfott) [Cornell U.]; 1 6, E. Aurora, N. Y., July 25 (W. Wild) [Cornell U.]; 1 ¢, East River, Conn., July 10, 1909 (C. R. Ely) [U.S.N.M.]; 1 6, 2 9, Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., July 1, 18, 28; 1 2, without data (F. M. Jones) [U.S.N.M.]; 1 6,4 9, Barnstable, Mass., June 30 to July 11 (C. P. Kimball) [Kimball Coll.]; 1 ¢, Augusta, Maine, July 14 (A. E. Brower) [Brower Coll.]; 1 ¢, 1 2, without locality, Pergande 3397, “ Solidago” [U.S.N.M.]; 1 2, White Pt. Bch., N. S., July 21, 1934 (J. McDunnough) [C.N.Coll.]; 1 2, Knowlton, Que., June 30 (J. McDunnough) [C.N.Coll.]; 2 2, Ottawa, Ont., June 13 (C. H. Young) (EIN Colla; UNS5) 29e" Vanelandy Stations Ontss)tlyel2ZlGn hostasolidasons (W.L. Putman) [C.N.Coll.]; 1 2, Bottineau, N. D. (C. N. Ainslie) [U.S.N.M.]; 26,12, Bonneville, Clark Co., Wn., July 14, 15 (J. F. G. Clarke) [U.S.N.M.]; 1 6, Walla Walla, Wn., June 18 (J. F. G. Clarke) [U.S.N.M.].
The specimen in the National Museum chosen as the type bears a label “* Bucculatrix solidaginiella Riley;’’ I am glad here to validate this manuscript name. Both the type and allotype are in unusually perfect condition.
A common and widely distributed species.
The larvae feed in the spring in the growing tips of young shoots of various species of Solidago, destroying the terminal bud, but barely
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 4]
boring into the tip of the stem. It is probable that a mine on a leaf is made in the preceding late summer or early autumn, as has been re- corded for B. cuneigera Meyr., which displays habits identical with this species. The surface of the white cocoon is roughened, but the ridges are obsolete in all examples I have seen. Figures 30, 30a show vari- ations in venation of the fore wings.
This species has been confused with both B. fusicola Braun and B. magnella Chambers, and specimens are thus misidentified in collections. From B. fusicola, it is separated by the costal streak which arises on the costa at basal third, instead of lying below it as in B. fusicola, and by the wholly whitish legs. 8. magnella is characterized by the dark longitudinal streak from base to termen.
(3) Bucculatrix montana Braun (Figs. 60, 60a, 61.)
1920. Bucculatrix montana Braun, Ent. News XXXI: 77. Type ¢, Mountain Lake, Virginia [A.F.B.Coll.].
Head white, a few fuscous hairs in the tuft; antennal stalk pale fuscous. Thorax and fore wings white, the fore wings marked with ocherous, more or less fuscous dusted, or sometimes dark fuscous streaks; from base of wing and lying above the fold, a more or less well defined basal streak (absent in the type) extends along the axis of the wing where in darker specimens it may join the apices of the three costal streaks; three equally spaced oblique costal streaks, the first before middle of costa and bending below costa to join in the middle of the wing the second costal streak which runs into some fuscous dusting on the termen, and just before its tip is marked with a few fuscous scales; from termen just before apex a streak of blackish fuscous scales, in line with the axis of the wing, extends to the tip of the apical cilia; from beyond middle of dorsum, a curved streak bending back along fold is marked, especially on the fold, with fuscous dusting. Cilia whitish, except just below the apical fuscous line; a fine line of scattered dark-tipped scales in the terminal cilia meets the fuscous apical line at a very acute angle at about half its length. Hind wings pale fuscous, darker in males, especially in dark-marked specimens. Legs pale ocherous, hind tarsal segments tipped with fuscous, except in the palest specimens. Abdomen ocherous, fuscous above in the middle segments in females, entirely fuscous in males.
Alar expanse 10.5 to 13 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 60, 60a). Harpes small, swollen at base, tapering to narrow cucullus bearing short blunt conical setae; socii short setose, variable in length, somewhat enlarged distally and arising well before tip of tegumen; aedeagus long, tapering to the slender apex. Scale sac large.
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
42 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Female genitalia (fig. 61). Ostium narrowly sclerotized anteriorly, pro- duced posteriorly; signum as in solidaginiella.
Specimens examined.—43 6, 28 9.
Vircinta: Mountain Lake, ¢ type, June 18 [A.F.B.Coll.].
Out1o: Adams Co., 1 2, June 30, 1928 (A. F. Braun) [A.F.B.Coll.].
MicHIGAN: E.S. George Reserve, Livingston Co., 1 ¢, July 10, 1950 (Ralph Beebe) [A.F.B.Coll.].
New York: De Ruyter Res., Madison Co., 2 $, 1 2, July 4, 1922 (Crosby and Forbes) [Cornell U.].
GeEorGraA: Charlton Co., 1 2, June 19, 1916 (Otto Buchholz) [A.N.S.P.].
New Jersey: New Lisbon and Whitesbog, 4 ¢, June 22 to July 11 (E. P. Darlington) [A.N.S.P.]; Essex Co. Park, 1 $, June 29 (W. D. Kearfott) [Cornell U.].
Connecticut: East River, 1 6,1 @, July (C. R. Ely) [U.S.N.M.].
MassacHusetts: Hyde Park, 1 92, July 8 (F. Haimbach) [A.N.S.P.]; Woods Hole, 1 6, July 18 [J. R. Eyer Coll.]; 1 ¢, July 18 [Cornell U.]; Barn- stable; 15) 65,112) 95 June) 25 to July 14 (G Rs Kimball) [iG > Kimballwand A. E. Brower Coll.]; Martha’s Vineyard (MV), 1 92, July 6 (F. M. Jones) [U.S.N.M.].
Maine: Bar Harbor, 3 6, 3 92, July 10 to Aug. 3; Augusta, 1 ¢, July 30; Ashland, 3 6, 1 2, July 16 to 31 (A. E. Brower) [A. E. Brower Coll.].
Ontario: Bell’s Corners, 2 ¢, June 16, 19 (G. A. Hobbs) [C.N.Coll.]; Ottawa, 1 2, July 15 (C. H. Young) [C.N.Coll.].
Nova Scotia: Parrsboro, 5 6, 3 2, July 7 to 25 (J. McDunnough) [C.N. Coll.]; Petite Riviere, 1 ¢, July 15 (J. McDunnough) [C.N.Coll.]; Smith’s Cove, 1 2, July 25 (J. McDunnough) [C.N.Coll.]; Baddeck, 1 9, Aug. 7 (J. McDunnough) [C.N.Coll.].
Food plant and early stages unknown. The type specimen emerged from a cocoon typical of the genus; cocoon reddish ocherous, with ten low ridges.
The distinguishing character of B. montana is the blackish streak extending in a line with the longitudinal axis of the wing from near apex of the wing to the tip of the apical cilia.
(4) Bucculatrix magnella Chambers (Figs. 6, 64, 64a, 65, 65a.)
1875. Bucculatrix magnella Chambers, Canad. Ent. VII: 54. Type ?, Texas [M.C.Z., Type No. 1309].
Head white, tuft more or less mixed with reddish ocherous; antennal stalk fuscous. Thorax and fore wings white, the wing (fig. 6) marked with golden brown and blackish streaks; from base a longitudinal ocherous to dark brown streak, slightly darker along its costal margin, extends beyond the middle of the
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 43
wing, where in darker-marked specimens it is joined by an oblique blackish costal streak and curves downward to termen, thence following the margin of the wing to apex, and extending through the apical cilia; in paler specimens (¢ paratype, U.S.N.M.) this oblique streak from costa to basal streak is indi- cated only by a faint line of scales (fig. 6), beyond this point as in darker speci- mens; lying above, parallel, and close to the outer part of the basal streak is a slender pale ocherous streak; arising on the dorsal margin opposite the oblique costal streak is a more or less distinct (sometimes absent) oblique straight dor- sal streak, which meets the costal streak at the median basal streak, forming in dark-marked specimens, a conspicuous V; an irregular patch of dark-tipped scales on costa before apex; dark-tipped scales in cilia below apex. Hind wings varying from nearly white with white cilia (2 paratype, U.S.N.M.) to brown- ish fuscous, with somewhat paler cilia. Legs whitish, tarsal segments tipped with blackish fuscous.
Alar expanse 12 to 14 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 64, 64a). Setae of apical margin of harpe short blunt cones, proximad gradually more slender; socii long, arising distant from tip of tegumen, short setose; subscaphium defined; aedeagus wide proximally, rapidly tapering to slender apex; scales of scale sac long and slender.
Female genitalia (figs. 65, 65a). Ostium shallow cup-shaped, ventral half sclerotized, microscopically spinulose; signum a narrow ring, spines short.
Specimens examined.—2 6,5 @.
Texas: 2 type [M.C.Z.]; 1 6 paratype, labeled by Busck “ undoubtedly one of Chambers’ type specimens,” “ compared with type Cambridge,” is here- with designated ¢ paratype [U.S.N.M.]; 1 92 paratype (without abdomen) labeled in Chambers’ handwriting [U.S.N.M.].
Mrssouri(?): 1 2 (without abdomen), Coll. C. V. Riley [U.S.N.M.].
Ittinots: Chicago, 2 9, July [U.S.N.M.].
Froripa: Lakeland, 1 6, March, 1913 (C. N. Ainslie) [U.S.N.M.], in poor condition.
Food plant and early stages unknown.
This species is distinguished by the conspicuous median streak curving to termen beyond middle and following termen to apex.
The male paratype in the United States National Museum (fig. 6) agrees in fore wing markings more closely with Chambers’ description than does the type at the Museum of Comparative Zoology. In gen- eral, females are more heavily marked than males. In the description of magnella, Chambers writes that in the hind wings “ the apical vein goes to the apex, and the median vein gives off only a single branch, instead of two.”’ In all specimens I have examined, the venation of the hind wings is typical of the genus, i.e., media is two-branched.
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
44 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
(5) Bucculatrix needhami Braun (Figs. 5, 31, 42, 42a, 66, 66a, 67, 67a.)
1956. Bucculatrix needhami Braun, Ent. News LXVII: 69. Type ¢, Engle- wood, Florida [Cornell U., Type No. 3123]. Allotype 2, Englewood, Florida [Cornell U., Type No. 3123].
1948. A Bucculatricid Gall and its hypermetamorphosis, James G. Needham, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. LVI: 43-50.
Head white, tuft brown in the center; antennae pale gray. Thorax white, tegulae shaded with fuscous anteriorly. Fore wings white, marked with irro- rated fuscous streaks which may vary in distinctness, or one or more of them be absent. In well-marked specimens, the following markings can be distin- guished (fig. 5): a median streak from base broadening outwardly for about one-third the wing length, its broad portion ending before the black patch of slightly raised scales lying just below the fold; above the patch of raised scales this streak continues as an attenuated line to the middle of the wing; just pos- terior to the raised black scales, a broad streak, parallel to termen, extends to the end of the cell, meeting a small black spot; costad of the median streak, starting at basal fifth is a narrower streak, its point directed toward the small black spot at end of cell; below this streak there is usually a short fine fuscous line; beginning just beyond and below middle of costa is a more or less broad very oblique streak which extends into the apical area; apical costal area dusted with fuscous scales; scattered fuscous dusting along dorsal margin; scales along termen black-tipped and forming a more or less conspicuous cluster about half- way along the cilia; these scales extend along the wing margin to the apex, where the dark color is continued as a blackish pencil in the apical cilia; a line of slender finely dark-tipped scales near the base of the cilia extends parallel to termen, converging to apex. Hind wings pale gray, cilia rufous at base. Legs white, with fuscous shading, tarsal segments black-tipped. Abdomen whitish.
Alar expanse 13 to 15 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 66, 66a). Harpes broad, parallel-sided; apical setae blunt conical, proximad slender conical; socii short, arising near tip of tegumen, setae short; subscaphium present; aedeagus with two pairs of opposing teeth near tip. Scale sac large.
Female genitalia (figs. 67, 67a). Ostium goblet-shaped, sclerotized, micro- scopically spinulose; signum a very narrow ring, ribs irregularly spined.
Specimens examined.—12 6,10 @.
FLoripa: Englewood, 6 type, March 29, 1946, 2 allotype, March 24, 1946; 3 6,3 2 paratypes, April 5 to April 17 (J. G. Needham) ; Sarasota, 1 @ para- type, March 24, 1946 (J. G. Needham), all reared from galls on stem of Heli- anthus agrestis Pollard [Cornell U.]; 8 mi. W. of Moore Haven, Glades Co., 6 6,3 2 paratypes, ex pupa, April 7 to May 17, galls on stems of Helianthus agrestis (C. L. Remington and L. Brass.) [Yale University].
Kentucky: Hiseville, Barren Co., 1 ¢, 1 2, paratype, imagoes June 3 and
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 45
June 12, 1941, from galls on stems of Helianthus angustifolius L., rearing rec- ord B.1853 (A. F. Braun) [A.F.B.Coll.].
ILLINoIs: Chicago, 1 2 paratype, VI.3.04 (G. McElhose) [U.S.N.M.].
New York: Karner, 1 ¢ paratype, April 21, 1903, “from gall on Helianthus strumosus”’ (N.Y.S.Coll.) [U.S.N.M.].
The galls occur on several species of Helianthus, and their size and shape appears to vary with the species of sunflower. Figure 42 shows a gall on Helianthus agrestis Pollard (H. curtisti Fernald). The fol- lowing are a few excerpts from Dr. Needham’s paper (cited above) : “ oall is a thickening of the walls of the stem, about an inch long and four-fifths as wide, and with a large oval cavity inside. It varies in form from oblong to almost round. It tapers a little more abruptly to the stem at the upper end.” .. . “ Galls occur singly on the stems; very rarely two, and when two, one or both are imperfectly formed. They are generally located somewhat below mid-height of the plant.” In contrast on Helianthus angustifolius, the irregular galls occur amongst the inflorescence, the peduncles of the flower heads branching out from the gall. The gall may be quite slender when on an individual pedun- cle and up to as large or larger than that of Gnorimoschema gallae- solidaginis (Riley), when several peduncles branch from it. Full- grown larvae pass the winter within the gall, leaving in the spring by a small circular opening. The cocoon (fig. 42a) is marked by eight longitudinal ridges, the boundary between the posterior section and anterior one-third clearly defined.
In his paper on this species, Dr. Needham calls attention to the change from the inactive, legless and non-spinning larva (fig. 31) in the gall to the normal Lepidopterous type with prolegs and capable of spinning. These changes take place within the gall, preparatory to leaving it. “‘ Here was a non-feeding instar, interpolated between lar- val and pupal stages: a clear case of hypermetamorphosis ” (p. 45, /.c.).
The distinguishing characters of the wing markings are the longi- tudinal streaks, 1.c., a slender longitudinal discal streak parallel to the basal streak with a line of fuscous scales between it and the basal streak.
(6) Bucculatrix longula new species (Figs. 68, 68a, 69, 69a. )
Head white, tuft with ocherous and brown hairs; antennal stalk whitish at base, shading outwardly to pale brownish and indistinctly annulate; antennal notch of male slight. Thorax white, tegulae anteriorly faintly yellowish. Fore
MEM. AMER. ENT. soc., 18.
46 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
wings shining white, with pale ocherous marks, some of which may be faint or absent; from base along fold to two-fifths the wing length, a slender ocherous streak; a second longitudinal streak in the cell, arising just basad of the end of the first, extends nearly to the end of the cell; from three-fifths of costa, a nar- row straight line of pale ocherous scales extends diagonally across the wing to tornus, at its costal end and at end of cell the scales are dark-tipped, at tornus meeting a larger group of more conspicuously dark brown-tipped scales; on costa midway between this diagonal line and apex, a group of pale ocherous narrowly dark-tipped scales; on middle of dorsum a pale ocherous oblique spot, bearing a group of blackish-tipped raised scales, sometimes the most conspicuous mark on the wing; from the group of dark-tipped scales at tornus, a line of dark-tipped scales along termen to apex; a second line of scales in the cilia, their dark tips lying near to and nearly parallel to the terminal row (less than one-third the length of the cilia from their bases) meets it at apex; cilia white. Hind wings and cilia white, faintly ocherous tinged. Legs ocherous, tarsal seg- ments, especially of the fore and middle legs dark-tipped. Abdomen ocherous, grayish in the male.
Alar expanse 12 to 12.5 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 68, 68a). Harpes nearly parallel-sided, apical area with short heavy conical setae; socii long, densely clothed with very long fine setae; membrane ventrad of the alimentary canal microscopically spinulose; anellus a slender cone; aedeagus long, tapering to slender apex, a pair of oppos- ing teeth near mouth. Scale sac large, numerous small scales.
Female genitalia (figs. 69, 69a). Ostium goblet-shaped, microscopically spinulose; ductus bursae forked in segment 6 just before entering bursa; signum ribs variously spined, posteriorly usually one or more heavy spines, sometimes branched, grading to short or slender spines.
Type—é, Wilma, Whitman Co., Washington, 24.1V.34, reared from Heli- anthus annuus L. (J. F. G. Clarke) [U.S.N.M., Type No. 65014].
Allotype—®@, same data as the type, except date of emergence 29.1V.34 [U.S.N.M.].
Paratypes—3 6, 4 2, Wilma, Whitman Co., Washington, April 14 to 29, 1934; 1 6, Snake River, Whitman Co., Washington, 25.V.34; 1 6, Almota, Washington, 26.1V.34, all reared from Helianthus annuus L. (J. F. G. Clarke) [U.S.N.M.]; 1 2, Salt Lake, Utah, Jl. 18, 13, “from gall on Helianthus ” (Timberlake Coll.) [U.S.N.M.].
The type series was reared from stem galls on Helianthus annuus L. The type and allotype display clearly all the marks mentioned in the description; in some specimens these marks are faint or obsolete. The approximate and nearly parallel lines of dark-tipped scales along termen, the second near bases of the cilia, are distinctive of this species and also serve to separate it from the closely allied B. simulans
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 47
new species, and from B. miveella Chambers. The fore wings are also more acute than in that species, and the whole aspect is different. The long slender aedeagus (checked by a second slide) of this species con- trasts with the short wide-mouthed aedeagus of B. simulans. The very
long, fine setae clothing the socii are characteristic of both B. longula and B. simulans and occur in no other species.
(7) Bucculatrix simulans new species (Figs. 70, 70a, 70b, 70c, 71, 71a.)
1948. Bucculatrix fusicola Breland and Schmitt (not Braun), Ent. News LIX: 225, 231-234.
Head white, tuft more or less mixed with brownish ocherous; antennal stalk white at base, shading outwardly to pale fuscous, antennal notch of male slight. Thorax white, tegulae posteriorly ocherous. Fore wing white, less lustrous than in B. longula, markings ocherous with the scales brown-tipped in the darker specimens; a longitudinal streak in fold from base for one-third the wing length; in the cell, and arising just basad of the end of the streak in the fold, a similar streak runs to the end of the cell, often meeting a straight diagonal line of scales crossing the wing from costa to tornus; this diagonal line broadens on costa, and at end of cell is marked by a group of more broadly dark-tipped scales, and at tornus meets a group of dark-tipped slightly raised scales; between the diago- nal line and apex on costa, a patch of ocherous scales reaching half-way across the wing; dorsal margin near base sometimes pale ocherous, with rarely a few of the scales dark-tipped; beyond middle of dorsal margin a large patch of dark- tipped scales extends across the fold and bears on the fold a few blackish-tipped raised scales; from the group of dark-tipped scales at tornus, a line of dark- tipped scales along termen to apex; a second line of scales, their dark tips near middle of cilia at tornus, converges toward the first line, nearly or quite meeting it at apex; cilia white. In several of the type series, some of the markings de- scribed above are without dark-tipped scales, and some may be obsolescent. Hind wings and cilia pale ocherous. Legs pale ocherous, fore and middle pair shaded with fuscous, hind tarsal segments fuscous-tipped. Abdomen pale ocher- ous, with slight fuscous shading above in the male.
Alar expanse 9.5 to 10 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 70, 70a, 70b, 70c). Differing from B. longula only by the short aedeagus, with wide mouth, and the number of opposing teeth near mouth, this number not constant in the species (figs. 70a, 70b, 70c) ; scale sac with numerous small scales.
Female genitalia (figs. 71, 71a). Scarcely distinguishable from the female genitalia of B. longula, except by characters of the signum; signum with spines longer and more slender, some of the ribs with one long spine and several very small spines (cf. fig. 69a).
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
48 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Type—é, East St. Louis, Illinois, Helianthus annuus L., 1V.4.30, issued V.22.30 (Webster Grove, No. 30019c, R. C. Lange Coll.) [U.S.N.M., Type No. 65015].
Allotype-—@, same data as the type except Webster Grove No. 30019 [U.S.N.M.].
Paratypes.—1 ¢, East St. Louis, [linois, “in stem gall, Helianthus annuus, IV.22.30, iss. V.21.30” (Webster Grove No. 30040, R. C. Lange Coll.) [U.S.N.M.]; 1 2, Fairmount, Illinois, “ sunflower, 9.27.30, iss. VI.9”’ (Satter- thwait Coll.) [U.S.N.M.]; 1 6, Austin, Texas, “ sunflower, forms gall on stem, 1.6.39, em. 4.15.39” (Breland Coll.) [U.S.N.M.]; 4 6, 4 2, Austin, Texas, “summer 747, sunflower’ (Schmitt Coll.) [U.S.N.M.].
In addition to the type series, there are two additional specimens (badly greased) from East St. Louis, with cocoons; also a gall with cocoon spun immediately above the gall.
The life history of this species is described and the galls and co- coons figured by Breland and Schmitt under the name bucculatrix fusicola Braun. The galls are somewhat variable in shape (as figured ) often appearing as a swelling on the side of the stem. The larvae be- come full-fed in the fall passing the winter in the larval state within the gall, leaving the gall to spin and pupate in the spring; a raised ring may encircle the exit hole of the larva. Cocoons are described by Bre- land and Schmitt as “ white to a light gray color.’ Cocoons accom- panying the types from Illinois are pale gray with eight to ten fine ridges, some of the lateral ridges anastomosing.
This species is very close to B. longula, but differs from it in the smaller size, less lustrous fore wing with less acute apex, and more dis- tant and diverging ciliary lines. It is possible that B. miveella Cham- bers (described from Texas) is a nearly immaculate form of this species.
Five specimens (3 6, 1? [U.S.N.M.], 1 @ [A.F.B.Coll.] labeled “Colorado (G. Ainslie), are doubtfully assigned to this species on the basis of the short aedeagus (fig. 7Oc). The aspect of these speci- mens, which are in poor condition, is that of B. longula, with which they agree in size and configuration of the ciliary lines.
(8) Bucculatrix niveella Chambers
1875. Bucculatrix niveella Chambers, Canad. Ent. VII: 54. Type locality, Texas (? Bosque Co., or Waco, McLennan Co.). Type not in existence.
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 49
I quote Chambers’ description of this species. “ Snow white, very faintly tinged with yellowish on the front of the tuft and in the apical part of the fore wings, and with a very few scattered brown scales in the costal ciliae, but with two distinct dark brown hinder marginal lines in the dorsal ciliae, one at their base, the other beyond their middle, slightly converging towards the apex. Al. ex. a little under half an inch.”
It is possible that niveella is an immaculate form of the preceding species, described as B. simulans; in the latter species, the markings sometimes tend to be obsolescent. In the absence of the type, however, definite determination is impossible and niveella must be regarded as an unrecognized species.
(9) Bucculatrix parvinotata new species (Eie972))
Head white, tuft faintly ocherous in middle; antennal stalk shading out- wardly to fuscous. Thorax white; fore wings white; three or four black scales in a line in the fold at two-thirds its length; a similar longitudinally placed line of scales at end of cell, and one or two such black scales at extreme apex; cilia white. Hind wings and cilia faintly ocherous tinged. Legs white, tarsal seg- ments minutely dark-tipped.
Alar expanse 11 mm.
Male genitalia (fig. 72). Harpes concave inwardly, apically with short coni- cal setae; socii moderately long, scarcely enlarging apically, setose; subscaphium undefined, membrane laterally microscopically spinulose; aedeagus slightly curved, gradually tapering. Scale sac bilobed by a median constriction, scales unpigmented.
Type.—é6, Mesilla Park, New Mexico, at light, May 8 (Ckll.) [U.S.N.M., Type No. 65016].
Food plant and early stages unknown.
The white fore wings, marked only with a few black scales charac- terize this species. B. immaculatella Chambers, described as “ Silvery white, immaculate. Al. ex. 5/16 inch.” is the only species of our fauna which approaches 6. parvinotata. The type of B. immaculatella is apparently not now in existence; it however seems to be a smaller species.
(10) Bucculatrix ochritincta new species (mies, 73, 754, 750»)
Head white, tuft with a few fuscous hairs; antennae whitish, stalk darkening toward tip. Thorax creamy white. Fore wing shining creamy white, tinged with ocherous, especially in the fold; extreme costal margin ocherous to nearly half the wing length, where a very oblique and slender ocherous streak diverges from the costa; beyond this, a slightly less oblique and broader costal streak
MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 18.
50 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
crosses the wing to termen near tornus, there meeting a group of a few blackish- tipped raised scales; beyond this, a broad triangular ocherous spot is separated from the apex by a triangular creamy white area; from middle of dorsum a pale ocherous oblique streak bears a few blackish-tipped scales on its inner margin in the fold; at tornus a faint ocherous spot; from the group of raised scales on termen, a line of dark-tipped scales on termen to apex; costal cilia white, cilia below apex ocherous-tinged, and with a line of dark-tipped scales extending dorsad through them from a point opposite apex. Hind wings and cilia creamy white, except tip of wing and apical cilia ocherous. Legs pale ocherous.
Alar expanse 9.5 mm.
Female genitalia (figs. 73, 73a, 73b). Ventral margin of ostium sclerotized ; signum a band narrow dorsally, ribs irregularly spined, some large strongly sclerotized spines, some minute spines; a tuft of long hair-like scales on a lateral depressed area of segment 8; scales on posterior margin of segment 7 long and hair-like.
Type.—®, Fall Creek Falls State Park, Van Buren County, Tennessee, May 1, 1939 (A. F. Braun) [A.F.B.Coll.].
Food plant and early stages unknown. Differing from all other species of this section by the creamy white fore wing, in contrast to the pure white wing of the related species.
(11) Bucculatrix viguierae new species (Figs. 4, 74, 74a, 75.)
Head white, tuft with a few ocherous hairs; eye-cap faintly ocherous tinged posteriorly, stalk whitish at base, shading outwardly to fuscous. Thorax white, shaded with pale ocherous anteriorly. Fore wing (fig. 4) lustrous white, with ocherous, mostly longitudinal markings, and a few groups of black-tipped scales ; from base of costa to one-third wing length and adjacent to costa, a fine line of ocherous scales; from one-third of wing length and below costa, an ocherous streak to end of cell; from just below costa, at two-thirds, an oblique streak, marked on its costal end by a few dark-tipped scales, runs across the wing to a patch of black-tipped scales on termen; beyond this streak, a patch of a few dark-tipped scales on costa; from base of wing, an ocherous stripe, broadening outwardly, extends along the fold to beyond one-third; arising within the dorsal margin, basad of the costal streak and marked on the fold by a group of black- tipped scales, is an oblique dorsal streak, which meets the end of the longitudinal ocherous stripe lying below costa at the middle of the oblique costal streak; at apex from one to several black-tipped scales; from apex, a broken line of mi- nutely dark-tipped scales extends through the terminal cilia. Hind wings pale whitish or grayish ocherous, cilia ocherous tinged. Fore and middle legs dark fuscous, hind legs ocherous, tarsal segments fuscous-tipped. Abdomen straw- colored, with fuscous shading posteriorly.
Alar expanse 11 mm.
ANNETTE F. BRAUN
U1 —
Male genitalia (fig. 75). Harpes broadly rounded, nearly parallel-sided; socii short, setae moderate in length; tegumen incurved, forming two elongate lobes simulating arms of gnathos; aedeagus parallel-sided, curving slightly, pro- duced proximally beyond the elongate aperture. Scale sac present, scales slen- der, tapering to a point.
Female genitalia (figs. 74, 74a). The usual unspecialized type, with ventral margin only of ostium sclerotized, ductus gradually widening to ostium, signum characteristic, spining of ribs various, ribs bearing some long, sharp-pointed, heavy spines, or more regularly spined with short and abruptly tapering spines (fig. 74a).
Type.—é, Sierra Co., New Mexico, em. 27.1V.50 from gall on Viguiera annua (Jones) Blake (annual goldeneye) [Compositae], (E. J. O'Neal) [U.S.N.M., Type No. 65017].
Allotype—2, Sierra Co., New Mexico, em. 3.V.50 from gall on Viguiera annua (E. J. O'Neal) [U.S.N.M.].
Paratypes—1 2, same data as type and allotype, except date of emergence 15.111.50 [U.S.N.M.]; 2 ¢, 4 2, Madera Canyon, Santa Cruz Mountains, Ari- zona, July 11, Aug. 3, Aug. 4 (R. W. Hodges) [Cornell U.]; 1 ¢, Pena Blanca Canyon, Santa Cruz County, Arizona (R. W. Hodges) [Cornell U.].
The markings of the fore wings of this species are somewhat sim- ilar to those of well-marked B. simulans and of B. longula, but without the ciliary lines of those species, and the aspect is different. It is abun- dantly distinct from either of these on characters of the male genitalia, viz. the peculiar incurved lobes of the tegumen and the sparser and shorter setae of the socii, the absence of teeth at tip of aedeagus; and in the female by the shape of the ostium, and the spining of the ribs of the signum.
(12) Bucculatrix micropunctata new species (Figs. 79, 79a, 79b.)
Face and tuft white; eye-caps white, antennal stalk white, with pale grayish ocherous annulations. Fore wings elongate, acuminate, apex upturned; white, marked with two longitudinal lines of black dots and groups of very pale ocher- ous minutely brown-tipped scales; before middle of costa an oblique group of brown-tipped scales; a second more open patch beyond middle; an elongate black spot at end of cell and immediately beyond it, a transverse pale ocherous spot, in which the scales are almost microscopically brown-tipped; an occasional black-tipped scale in the costal cilia, and irregularly placed black-tipped scales in the white apical cilia; the fold faintly yellowish, immediately above the fold and parallel to it, a line of almost evenly spaced black dots, and below fold, a line of similar black dots, irregularly spaced; beyond middle of dorsum, a large patch of pale ocherous scales, some of which are black-tipped. Hind wings pale
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
2 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
on
grayish white, cilia white. Legs white, fore and middle tibiae shaded with fus- cous, tarsal segments narrowly fuscous-tipped.
Alar expanse 8 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 79, 79a, 79b). Harpes broadly rounded at apex, with strong conical setae; soci1 very long and slender, connivent, setose, an oval api- cal area with heavier setae; anellus a slender tapering cone, lobed at tip; aede- agus long, slender, gradually tapering, aperture elongate with paired sclerotized teeth basad; vinculum broad, well sclerotized, two minute latero-posterior pro- jections. Scale sac small.
Type.—é, Needles, California, 16 April, 1918 (J. Ch. Bradley) [Cornell U., Type No. 3641].
Food plant and early stages unknown.
Known only from the male type, in perfect condition. In the ab- sence of any knowledge of larval habits, this species is placed in this section on the basis of the long soci, and broad harpe with heavy con-
ical setae. Although the moth somewhat resembles 5B. euwrotiella Wlsm. and
5. latella Braun, the slender acuminate wings and the very different genitalia at once separate it from those species.
(13) Bucculatrix inusitata new species (Figs. 76, 76a, 76b, 76c, 77, 77a.)
Head white, tuft with a few brownish hairs; antennal eye-cap white, stalk pale grayish ocherous, darker toward tip, antennal notch deep. Thorax white. Fore wings lustrous white, markings ocherous, the scales usually more or less broadly dark-tipped; from just beyond base to one-third, a pale longitudinal streak, often faint or absent, its inner margin lying along the fold; from basal third of costa, an oblique streak curving outward below costa, and usually meet- ing a second oblique costal streak attenuated below costa and extending as a narrow line across the wing to a small group of black-tipped raised scales on termen near tornus; at two-thirds of costa, an irregular spot of variable size, its dark-tipped scales often encroaching on a triangular more or less conspicu- ous white area immediately before apex and partially in the cilia; this triangular area extends across the wing to the group of dark-tipped raised scales near tornus, and along its outer margin the smooth lustrous white scales of the gen- eral ground color form a narrow, almost irridescent bar lying alongside of the black-tipped scales which margin the termen; a second line of scales in the cilia, their dark tips at about basal third of cilia and curving inward near apex to- ward the terminal line of black-tipped scales; from middle of dorsum a more or less distinct oblique streak, marked on the fold by one to several black-tipped scales (sometimes absent), curves to the middle of the wing; from tornus, a faint nearly erect line of scales, often absent, crosses the wing to the oblique transverse line of dark-tipped scales; cilia white before apex, fuscous tinged
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 53
opposite apex shading to white at tornus. Hind wings and cilia grayish ocher- ous. Legs dull ocherous, shaded with fuscous. Abdomen in female ocherous, in male fuscous, except anal tuft.
Alar expanse 9.5 to 10 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 76, 76a, 76b, 76c). Harpes bilobed on inner side at apex, the lobes with heavy setae, sinus between them unarmed; socii long, slightly enlarging at apex and here with sparse slender setae, proximad of apex, setae short and curved; subscaphium strongly sclerotized, long ciliate; free arms of gnathos long, slender, short setose on their basal half; anellus an elongate cone; aedeagus tapering to the slender tip. Scale sac present.
Female genitalia (figs. 77, 77a). Ovipositor lobes sparsely long setose; ostium unspecialized; ductus bursae forked in segment 7, the forks entering bursa dorsally near its posterior end; signum a ring broad ventrally, narrow dorsally, spines long and slender.
Type—6é, Hull, Quebec, 13.VI.1955 (G. G. Lewis) [C.N.Coll., Type No. TAVIS) |p
Allotype—?, Wakefield, Quebec, 25.VI.1946 (G. S. Walley) [C.N.Coll., Type No. 7175].
Paratypes—1 68, Bobcaygeon, Ont., 26.VI.1932 (J. McDunnough), 2 4, Hull, Que., 13.V1I.1955 (G. G. Lewis), 1 6, 1 9, Ottawa, Ont., 23.V1.1955 (G. G. Lewis) [C.N.Coll.]; 1 ¢, Bar Harbor, Maine, July 16, 1938 (A. E. Brower), 1 ¢, Bar Harbor, Maine, emgd. June 22, ’50, “bred ex Juniperus communis” (A. E. Brower), 1 6, Mt. Desert Is., Me., July 2, 34 (A. E. Brower), 2 6, 2 2, Augusta, Maine, June 27 to Aug. 3 (A. E. Brower) [A. E. Brower Coll.]; 17 6, 3 2, Barnstable, Mass., June 25 to July 13 (C. P. Kim- ball) [C. P. Kimball Coll.]; 2 ¢, Monroe Co., N. Y., June 23 and July 4 (C. P. Kimball) [C. P. Kimball Coll.]; 1 ¢, 1 2, New Lisbon, N. J., June 11 and June 18 (E. P. Darlington) [A.N.S.P.]; 1 2, Essex Co. Pk., N. J., June 20 (W. D. Kearfott) [U.S.N.M.];1 6,1 9, Edge Hill, Pa., June 23 (F. Haimbach), 1 6, Fairm’t, Phila., Pa., June 9 (F. Haimbach), 1 ¢, Roxborough, Pa., June 26, (F. Haimbach) [A.N.S.P.].
Only those specimens in which the distinctive characters of the wing markings are recognizable are included in the type series. In addition, 14 others, mostly from Maine and Massachusetts, represent- ing both sexes have been examined. These can of course be recognized by the characteristic genitalia, especially of the male.
No data are available on the early stages of this species. One of the paratypes cited above from Bar Harbor, Maine, bears the notation “Bred ex Juniperus communis.” Dr. Brower has assured me that such a label indicates that the specimen was actually reared from larva. Any conifer, particularly an evergreen species, would seem to be an
MEM. AMER. ENT. SoCc., 18.
54 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
unusual food plant for a species of Bucculatrix placed in this section on wing markings and genitalia. It may not be correctly placed in this section.
The series of specimens from Ontario and Quebec, from which the type and allotype were selected are in exceptionally perfect condition. The best distinguishing wing characters of the species are the pure white triangular costal area before apex, and especially, the narrow lustrous white bar along termen, which stands out sharply when light strikes it at an angle. The remarkable development and specialization of subscaphium and gnathos is unique in this section and exceptional
in the genus.
(14) Bucculatrix seneciensis new species (Figs. 80, 80a, 80b, 81, 8la, 81b.)
Head white, antennal stalk whitish, annulate with pale fuscous. Thorax white. Fore wings white; basal fifth of fold shaded with pale yellowish, a few of the scales sometimes narrowly dark-tipped; at two-fifths the wing length, sometimes a faint yellowish tinge, with a few of the scales below costa minutely dark-tipped; at three-fifths, a more conspicuous pale yellowish group of scales, minutely dark-tipped; a transverse band of dark-tipped scales from costa to tornus, leaving the extreme apex of wing white; at end of cell, a more or less conspicuous spot, the scales dark-tipped; on middle of dorsum, and extending across the fold, an irregular pale yellowish spot, at least some of its scales broadly dark-tipped; cilia pure white with a line of dark-tipped scales from tornus, sometimes encircling the apex, sometimes broken on costa. Hind wings white in female, very pale ocherous in male, cilia white. Legs ocherous, fore and middle tibiae outwardly fuscous, hind tarsal segments fuscous-tipped. Ab- domen white, more or less shaded with pale fuscous.
Alar expanse 10 to 10.5 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 80, 80a, 80b). Harpe proximad parallel-sided, expand- ing at apex to a convex dorsal surface clothed with a dense mass of black setae, a concave ventral surface clothed with fine long setae; socii very long, slender, setose for most of their length, meeting at an acute angle in the median line, tegumen extending far beyond their bases and terminating in a rounded point; a sclerotized strip on each side of the tube containing the alimentary canal; anellus broad conical; vinculum triangular; aedeagus with entrance of penis elongate, mouth elongate, slightly spiral. Scales of scale sac hair-like.
Female genitalia (figs. 81, 8la, 8lb). Ostium at anterior margin of segment 8, its ventral margin only sclerotized; on segment 8 ventro-lateral groups of narrow specialized scales curving toward the mid-ventral line; bursa copulatrix elongate, extending anteriorly into segment 2; signum constricting the bursa, broken dorsally, ribs long ventrally and crowded together, short toward dorsum.
5
on
ANNETTE F. BRAUN
Type—é, Mint Canyon, Los Angeles Co., California, larva on Senecio sp., emdg. April 30, 1939 (J. A. Comstock) [Los Angeles County Museum].
Allotype—@, same data as the type, except date of emergence May 2, 1939 [Los Angeles County Museum].
Paratypes—1 6,3 2, same data as type and allotype, except dates of emer- gence April 26 to May 1 (J. A. Comstock) [L. A. Co. Museum]; 6 6, 1 2, Lovejoy Buttes, Los Angeles Co., California (Lloyd M. Martin) [L. A. Co. Museum]; 1 2, Olancha, Inyo Co., California, June 16, 1917 (G. R. Pilate) [A.F.B.Coll.]; 7 8, 1 2, Olancha, Inyo Co., California, June 8-15, June 16-23 [U.S.N.M.]; 1 2, La Puerta Valley, South. California, June 1-7 [U.S.N.M.]; 1 ¢, Havilah, California, June 1-7 [U.S.N.M.].
This species is probably a stem borer in the larval state. The white cocoon is slightly rugose, but lacks the typical ridges. The harpes of the male genitalia at once separate seneciensis from all other species.
B. seneciensis new species and B. eurotiella Wlsm. were reared at the same time from Senecio sp.; in the series reared by Lloyd M. Martin, cocoons of the latter are associated with some of the specimens of B. seneciensis.
(15) Bucculatrix bicristata new species (Fig. 78.)
Head white, tuft faintly ocherous, eye-caps distally broad, antennal stalk shading to pale grayish ocherous outwardly. Thorax white, faintly ocherous anteriorly. Fore wing elongate, white with ocherous-fuscous marks; from base a pale fuscous streak, broadening outwardly, its inner margin lying along the fold to one-third the wing length, here diverging and curving to the middle of the disc, thence extending as a narrow line of scales to termen near tornus, where it meets a patch of large, black-tipped raised scales; from near middle of costa, a very oblique streak, broadest on costa and soon attenuated to a narrow line of scales, runs across the wing to the above patch of raised scales; beyond this on costa, a triangular patch of scales, its broad base on costa, and near its inner margin bearing a group of raised scales; from near middle of dorsum, a short, curved, oblique streak; from the patch of raised scales on termen, a line of dark scales extends along termen to apex and to the tips of the apical cilia; from this line dark-tipped scales extend into the cilia of termen. Hind wings pale brownish ocherous, cilia whitish toward tips. Legs whitish, tarsal seg- ments black-tipped. Abdomen whitish beneath, grayish ocherous above.
Alar expanse 14 mm.
Male genitalia (fig. 78). Harpe cylindrical, terminating in a nearly circular flat area, which is evenly and closely clothed with heavy short setae the outer row of which margins the flat area; socii with short setae; subscaphium defined, microscopically setose and terminating posteriorly in a strongly sclerotized point; aedeagus tapering to a point. Scale sac transversely oval, scales slender.
MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 18.
56 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Type.—é, St. Petersburg, Florida, May [U.S.N.M., Type No. 65018]. Paratypes.——1 ¢, same data as the type [U.S.N.M.]; 1 ¢, Billy’s Island, Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia, June, 1912 [Cornell U.].
Food plant and early stages unknown.
The configuration of the long median basal streak is similar to that of B. magnella Chambers; in magnella however there is an additional slender longitudinal streak lying close to and parallel to the conspicuous longitudinal streak. The conspicuous patch of raised scales on termen and the raised scales on costa (both of which are easily lost) and the remarkable and unique harpe separate this species from all others of the section. The male paratype from Okefenokee Swamp lacks the terminal segments of the abdomen.
(16) Bucculatrix cuneigera Meyrick (Figs. 28, 29, 44, 44a, 44b, 82, 82a, 83.)
1919. Bucculatrix cuneigera Meyrick, Exot. Microlep. II (Pt. 9): 288. Type, Muskoka, Ontario [B.M.].
1920. Bucculatrix errans Braun, Ent. News XXXI: 77, 78. Type é, Cincin- nati, Ohio [A.F.B.Coll.].
1927. Bucculatrix cuneigera Braun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. LIII: 195.
Head white, tuft either entirely white or more or less mixed with dark brown centrally ; antennal eye-cap white, stalk pale ocherous to fuscous. Thorax, in- cluding tegulae, usually pure white, tegulae dark brown in those specimens in which the base of the wing below the fold is dark brown. Fore wings dark brown or almost black with white marks; from base of wing and just within the costal margin, an outwardly broadening white streak, its costal edge close to costa, its outer margin oblique, extends in the dise nearly to middle of wing; base of wing below fold usually white, the white area sometimes expanding, spreading outwardly and costad, or base of wing below fold sometimes wholly dark brown; at middle of costa, an oblique, triangular or outwardly curving white spot; basad of it, on dorsum, a larger half-crescent shaped mark; a nar- row oblique costal streak at two-thirds, and opposite it at tornus, a pair of white spots narrowly separated by ground color, the outer of which is directed in- wardly; a triangular white spot near apex and mostly in the costal cilia, bor- dered outwardly by an oblique dark line running to the tip of the apical cilia; a few black scales at apex form an irregular apical dot; cilia opposite apex ocherous, shading to fuscous at tornus; a line of dark-tipped scales through the middle of the cilia from apex to tornus. Hind wings dark brownish or blackish gray, cilia concolorous. Legs, except tarsal segments, dark brown outwardly. Abdomen dark fuscous, anal tuft pale.
Alar expanse 9 to 10.5 mm.
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 57
Male genitalia (figs. 82, 82a). Harpes with heavy conical setae at apex; socii with some short, some longer setae; subscaphium strongly sclerotized; aedeagus slender, entrance of penis elongate; vinculum narrow, emarginate. Scales of scale sac elongate (fig. 82a).
Female genitalia (fig. 83). Ostium unspecialized, ductus bursae forked in segment 7 at inception of ductus seminalis, the forks uniting again just before entering bursa copulatrix; signum ring wide ventrally, narrow dorsally.
Specimens examined.—31 6, 21 @.
Ontario: Muskoka, 1 2, July, 1918 (ex type series of cuneigera) [A.F.B. Coll.]; Ottawa, 2 6, 2 2, July 3 to July 10 (C. H. Young) [C.N.Coll.]; Bob- caygeon, 1 2, 29.VI.31 (J. McDunnough) [C.N.Coll.].
Oxn10: Cincinnati, 1 ¢ (type of errans Braun), 10 6, 7 2 (paratypes of errans Braun), May 12 to May 28, rearing record B.977; 2 6, 2 2, June 5, 1918 (A. F. Braun) [A.F.B.Coll.]; 2 é (paratypes of errans Braun), May 26, May 27, rearing record B.977 (A. F. Braun) [U.S.N.M.]; 2 2 (paratypes of errans), May 28, rearing record B.977 (A. F. Braun) [A.N.S.P.].
NortH CAROLINA: Balsam, 1 ¢ (worn), July 23, 1911 [A.F.B.Coll.] ; High- lands, Macon County, 3865 feet, 6 6,5 2, June 24 to July 11, 1959, collected as part of a project sponsored by the American Philosophical Society (R. W. Hodges) [Cornell U.].
New York: FE. Aurora, 1 2, July 3 (W. Wild) [Cornell U.].
MASSACHUSETTS: Barnstable, 1 6, July 11, 3 9, June 26 to July 2 [C. P. Kimball Coll.].
MAINE: Augusta, 1 2 (only head, thorax and one fore wing), July 24, 1947 [A. E. Brower Coll.].
New Brunswick: St. Andrews, 1 ¢, 4.VII.1936 (T. N. Freeman) [C.N. Coll.].
Nova Scotia: Parrsborough, 1 6, 4.VII.1914; Smith’s Cove, 3 6, 1 2, 19.V1I1.1945; White Pt. Bch., Queens Co., 1 6, 20.VII.1934; Petite Riviere, 16,1 2, 11.VII and 16.V11.1935; Baddeck, 1 6, 24.V1.1936 (J. McDunnough) [C.N.Coll.] ; Annapolis, 1 6, 21.V1I.1946 (McD. and Ferguson) [C.N.Coll.].
Prince Epwarp Isranp: Prackley Beach Can. Nat. Park, 1 2, 24.V 11.1940 (G. S. Walley) ['C.N.Coll.].
QueEBEc: Knowlton, 1 6, 11.VII.1929 (J. McDunnough), 1 ¢, 1 2, 30.VI, 1.V11.1936 (G. S. Walley) [C.N.Coll.]; D. Golf Club, 1 6, 15.VII.1925 (F. P. Ide) [C.N.Coll.] ; Newago, Lake St. Francis, 1 6 (H.S. Parish) [Cornell U.].
The type series of errans was reared from larvae feeding on Aster shortii Lindl. Although no specimens except this type series have been reared, other species of Aster replace Aster shortii as a food plant in the more northern localities. On Aster shortiu, the larva makes a long contorted and sometimes spiral mine, which becomes noticeable on the
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
58 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
leaf in autumn (fig. 44). In early November, in a slight enlargement at the end of the mine, the larva spins a flat circular yellow wintering cocoon (fig. 44a), similar in appearance to the moulting cocoon of other species, but of dense texture, within which it lies curled during the winter. In March of the following year, it leaves this cocoon by a circular opening, and bores into a growing shoot just below the tip, hollowing out the stem, and killing the top of the shoot. It feeds down- ward, usually eating out the contents of the stem for about an inch; when full-grown it escapes by a circular hole near the lowest part of the burrow. The cocoon (fig. 44b), which is white or pale yellowish, with seven or eight low ridges, is spun on dead stems and twigs lying near the food plant, but apparently never on the food plant. Of the in- numerable mines which may be present on a plant, often a half dozen to a single leaf, only some four or five can survive on the few shoots of the plant in the spring.
In cuneigera, the dark markings corresponding to the ocherous or dark-dusted markings of other species of the section have so greatly expanded as to become the apparent ground color, here so considered; the white marks correspond to the white ground of the other species, here greatly reduced in extent.
The ground color of the specimens from Highlands, North Carolina is dark blackish brown, almost sooty black; these specimens agree more closely in coloration with the specimen from the type series of cuneigera (cited above).
SECTION I] Species 17 to 64
Nearly one-half of the North American species are assigned to this section. Members of the plant family Compositae are hosts to all spe- cies whose food plants are known with the exception of Bucculatrix pallidula new species and B. taentola new species, both of which are re- ported on members of the Labiatae. Within this section the greatest variety and specialization of genitalia are seen ( Plates XIV to XXXII). In the male, shape and armature of the harpes and socii, and shape of the aedeagus vary. The cucullus of the harpe is often defined by spe- cialized setae, sometimes modified into short blunt cones (figs. 99, 100, 105, 108, 116, 168). The presence of such conical setae may be taken
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 59
as a diagnostic character indicating assignment to this section and the probability of a Composite food plant. Such setae are however com- monly present in members of Section I, also Composite feeders. The harpe may show a slight indication of lobing (figs. 127, 130, 134) or finally may be almost divided (fig. 108). The female genitalia show development from a comparatively simple unspecialized type to a highly specialized type culminating in the modification of the inner margins of the ovipositor lobes into rasping rods, and the transfer of the function of the ovipositor to the vagina with its specialized vaginal setae ( Braun, 1958). Other specializations of the female genitalia include tufts or patches of specialized scales on segment 8 and on the intersegmental membrane (Plates XXI, XXIII, XXIV, XXVIII, XXIX, XXXII) or sclerotized outgrowths on segment 8 (Plates XXI, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIIT).
On the basis of the structure of the ninth abdominal segment of the female, the section is divided into two subsections.
Subsection A.—Species 17 to 46. Segment 9 of the abdomen of the female not modified ; ovipositor typical, consisting of two soft hairy lobes (Plates XIV to XXIV).
Subsection B.—Species 47 to 64. Segment 9 of the abdomen of the female modified; inner margins of the ovipositor lobes developed into rasping rods or cutting points, remaining areas of the ovipositor lobes flattened and fused with the membranous portion of the ninth segment; the exserted vagina, with its specialized vaginal setae, fune-
tions as an ovipositor (Plates XXV to XXXI1).
Subsection A (17) Bucculatrix albaciliella Braun (Figs. 86, 87, 87a.)
1910. Bucculatrix albaciliella Braun, Ent. News XXI: 175. Type ¢, Mills Col- lege, Alameda County, California [A.F.B.Coll.].
Face and tuft white, the tuft with a few ocherous hairs centrally; eye-caps white, stalk gray, antennal notch slight. Thorax and fore wings snowy white. Fore wings marked with pale ocherous, often faint, spots and streaks; a short streak in fold near base; a small spot just within the costa before middle of wing, a similarly placed, but larger and slightly oblique spot just beyond middle of wing which is in line with an oblique transverse spot running into the termen and is sometimes faintly connected with it; opposite the space between the two costal marks, a short streak in fold; a few ocherous scales on costa before apex ;
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60 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
cilia white. Hind wings, especially in male, faintly tinged with gray, cilia white. Legs whitish, tibiae and tarsi shaded with gray. Abdomen very pale grayish ocherous.
Alar expanse 8 to 9 mm.
Male genitalia (fig. 86). Setae of harpe short and heavy toward apex; socii widely separated, short, setose; anellus conical, abruptly contracting above mid- dle; aedeagus slender toward tip, entrance of penis elongate. Scale sac small.
Female genitalia (figs. 87, 87a). Ovipositor two soft lobes; ostium in a broad cup-shaped depression ; sclerotized basal half of segment 8 clothed laterally with short slender scales, an oval hyaline spot near anterior lateral angle; ductus bursae slender and membranous throughout, signum a very obliquely placed ring, ribs long-spined.
Specimens examined.—6 6,4 9.
CALIFORNIA: Mills College, Alameda County, ¢ type, May 11, 1908, 4 4, 3 2 paratypes, May 11 and May 20 (G. R. Pilate) [A.F.B.Coll.], 1 6, 1 @ para- types, May 11 and May 20 (G. R. Pilate) [U.S.N.M.].
Food plant and early stages unknown.
The markings suggest a close relationship to 5. ochristrigella Braun, which is confirmed by the similarity of genitalia in both sexes. Superficially albaciliella is easily distinguished from ochristrigella by its snowy white color and minor details of wing markings.
(18) Bucculatrix ochristrigella Braun (Figs. 27, 84, 85, 85a.)
1910. Bucculatrix ochristrigella Braun, Ent. News XX1: 175. Type 6, Mills College, Alameda County, California [A.F.B.Coll.].
Face and head creamy white, a few grayish brown hairs in the tuft; eye-caps small, with a median ocherous stripe, antennal stalk gray, faintly narrowly paler annulate. Thorax creamy white, anterior margin of thorax and tegulae pale ocherous. Fore wings creamy white marked with pale ocherous spots and streaks; a narrow streak along basal third of costa; along fold a basal streak broadening outwardly and reaching nearly to one-third; before middle within the costal margin, an elongate patch; beyond middle, an oblique streak from costa to the middle of termen, opposite its end the cilia of termen are brown- tipped; a small triangular costal spot beyond this; from middle of dorsum an oblique curved streak which crosses the fold; along termen below apex the ocherous color forms a streak extending into the cilia at apex, where they are brown-tipped. Hind wings and cilia pale ocherous in female, sometimes grayish in male. Legs pale grayish ocherous. Abdomen whitish, shaded with gray in male.
Alar expanse 11 to 12 mm.
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 61
Male genitalia (figs. 85, 85a). Similar to genitalia of albaciliella, differing in the longer soci, slender almost cylindrical anellus, and shape of aedeagus. Scale sac more or less spherical.
Female genitalia (fig. 84+). Sclerotized part of segment 8 clothed with long slender scales, a denser tuft of short and long hair-scales laterally, adjacent to a circular depressed hyaline spot; ostium in a broad cup-shaped depression, each lateral margin produced into a sharp free point; signum a narrow ring, spines short and abruptly sharp.
Specimens examined.—18 ¢,7 2, 476, Q.
CALIFORNIA: Mills College, Alameda County, 6 type, 9 6, 3 2 paratypes, 19 paratypes, sex not determined, May 11, May 20 (G. R. Pilate) [A.F.B.Coll.] ; 5 6, 2 2 paratypes, May 3 to May 11 (G. R. Pilate) [U.S.N.M.]; Colfax, Placer County, 2 6, 1 2, May 1, 1910 (A. H. Vachell) [U.S.N.M.]; Los Angeles County, 28 6, 2, April [U.S.N.M.]; San Diego, 1 6, 4-14-07 (W. S. Wright), 1 2 [U.S.N.M.].
Food plant and early stages unknown.
In B. ochristrigella, the minute labial palpi, slender, downward projecting points, are easily discernible.
B. ochristrigella is separated from its nearest ally, Bb. albaciliella, by
the creamy white color of the fore wings, and the ocherous streak ex-
tending along termen into the apical cilia. Genitalia of both sexes in- dicate the close relationship of the two species.
(19) Bucculatrix eurotiella Walsingham (Figs. 88, 88a, 88b, 88c, 89, 89a, 90.)
1907. Bucculatrix eurotiella Walsingham, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXXII: 221. Type 2, Lancaster, Los Angeles County, California [U.S.N.M., Type No. 10352].
1925. Bucculatrix chrysothamni Braun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. LI: 219. Type 6, Logan, Cache County, Utah [A.F.B.Coll.]. New synonymy.
Head and tuft white, antennal stalk white with gray or blackish annulations, nearly white near base. Thorax white, or sometimes faintly ocherous anteri- orly. Fore wings white, marked with patches of ocherous and brown-tipped ocherous scales; a small such patch at basal third of costa (sometimes repre- sented by a few scales only); a large patch of such scales beyond middle of costa sometimes extends as a pale ocherous shade across the wing there joining a similar patch of scales on dorsum nearer base, thus forming an inwardly oblique transverse band; the costal portion of this band may be connected by a line of scales with a patch of ocherous and brown-tipped scales of variable size and extent along the termen, which may project basad as an acute triangle; this patch continues to apex as a marginal row of dark-tipped scales and projects
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62 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
into the cilia at apex; the inner edge of the dorsal patch bears, just below fold, a more or less conspicuous group of broadly brown or blackish-tipped scales; either the costal or dorsal patch of scales may be indistinct or lacking; a small patch of dark-tipped scales (sometimes absent) on costa near apex, a line of dark-tipped scales through middle of cilia along termen; cilia on costa near apex white, grayish toward tornus. Hind wings pale brownish gray, palest in fe- males. Legs whitish, middle tibiae gray-striped, all tarsal segments gray-tipped. Abdomen pale grayish ocherous.
Alar expanse 8 to 10 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 88, 88a, 88b, 88c). Harpe slender, almost cylindrical, but broadening basally, dense black setae on outer fourth; socii widely sepa- rated, about twice as long as broad, setae long; anellus sclerotized ventrally ; aedeagus appearing as if jointed, apical portion slender, bent, arising from a depression in the broader basal portion; vinculum narrow. Scale sac (fig. 88c) tapering to small base.
Female genitalia (figs. 89, 89a, 90). Ovipositor lobes elongate; ostium open- ing into a deep furrow, its sclerotized sides curving outward; inception of ductus seminalis almost at ostium; beneath the produced lateral lobes of segment 7, a fan of specialized scales attached to the intersegmental membrane, the lobes of 7 margined with slender scales (fig. 90) ; lateral margins of segment 8 produced anteriorly into slender prongs (anterior apophyses); ductus bursae slender throughout; bursa copulatrix large, occupying segments 2 to 5; signum almost longitudinally placed, two broad lateral bands of spined ribs, joined anteriorly (ventrally) and posteriorly (dorsally) by a series of short ribs.
Specimens examined.—27 ¢, 17 Q.
CALIFORNIA: Lancaster, Los Angeles County, 2 type, “ Larva from leaves of Eurotia canata [?=lanata (Pursh) Mog.]. Pupa in a white ribbed cocoon, issued May, 1880 (A. Koebele, collector)” [U.S.N.M.]; Mint Canyon, Los Angeles County, 1 ¢, “larva on Senecio sp., emdg. April 26, 1939” (J. A. Comstock) [U.S.N.M.]; Love Joy Buttes, Los Angeles County, 12 6,7 ®, “emdg. April 18, 1940” (Lloyd M. Martin) [Los Angeles County Museum].
Utaw: Cache County (near Logan), 6 type of chrysothamm, 10 6,9 2, paratypes of chrysothamm, June 25, 1924 (A. F. Braun) [A.F.B.Coll.]; 1 6, June 25, 1924 (A. F. Braun) [A.N.S.P.].
BritisH CotumpBia: Shingle Creek, Penticton, 1 6, June 25, 1935 (A. N. Gartrell) [C.N.Coll.]; Seton Lake, Lillooet, 1 ¢, June 13, 1926 (J. McDun- nough) [C.N.Coll.].
The identification of the food plant of the type as Eurotia canata [ ? lanata], belonging to the Chenopodiaceae, is most certainly an error. Genitalia slides of females of the Chrysothamnus-feeding and Senecio- feeding specimens agree in all respects with a slide of the female (not male, as stated by Walsingham) type, by J. F. G. Clarke. Such a di-
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 63
versity of food plants (members of unrelated plant families) is un- known in the genus.
No details of larval habits are available. The white cocoon of this species is distinguished from the smooth cocoon of B. seneciensis, when the two species are reared together on the same food plant (Senecio sp.), by the eight distinct ridges.
Misled by the recorded food plant as Eurotia, specimens collected resting at the tips of the linear leaves of Chrysothamnus graveolens ( Nutt.) Greene were described as chrysothamni.
The California series of specimens are more conspicuously and more clearly marked than the Utah specimens and agree more closely
with the type. The distinctive wing markings separate this species from all other
described American species. Genitalia, especially of the female, indi- cate affinity with the following species, 6. tenebricosa Braun. The aspect of the latter is however very different, and it will not be con- fused with B. eurotiella by superficial examination.
(20) Bucculatrix tenebricosa Braun (Figs. 91, 92.)
1925. Bucculatrix tenebricosa Braun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. LI: 220. Type é, near Logan, Cache County, Utah [A.F.B.Coll.].
Head and tuft white; antennal stalk white with broad dark gray annulations. Thorax white. Fore wings white, with scattered pale brownish-tipped scales and clusters of dark brown-tipped scales, which form ill-defined markings; a cluster ot a few of these scales before middle of costa, a larger such cluster beyond middle of costa, and a small patch of raised dark scales below fold; dark- tipped scales extend along the base of the costal cilia and around apex to tornus, forming at the apex a scattered patch; a line of black-tipped scales crosses the cilia opposite apex and continues as an irregular line to tornus. Hind wings silvery gray with white cilia. Legs white, tibiae and tarsi of the fore and mid- dle legs broadly banded with gray, hind tarsal segments only banded with gray.
Abdomen pale gray.
Alar expanse 7 mm.
Male genitalia (fig. 92). Harpes slender, tapering rapidly to the very nar- row cylindrical apical third, heavy setae at apex; socii widely separated, elon- gate, three times as long as broad, very thin membranous, fine setose; anellus a tapering cone; aedeagus broad at base, tapering, appearing as if jointed, the outer portion slender and curved, arising from a depression in the broader basal portion; vinculum a broad band. Scale sac elongate pear-shaped.
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64 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Female genitalia (fig. 91). Ovipositor lobes short; ostium opening into a deep furrow, its sclerotized sides curving outward; produced lateral lobes of seg- ment 7 with curved specialized scales; a cluster of scale sockets at anterior lateral margin of segment 8 indicates the probable presence of a tuft of special- ized scales (lost on the slide); ductus bursae slender throughout; signum a transversely placed ring, signum ribs with long slender spines.
Specimens examined.—2 6,1 Q.
Urauw: near Logan, Cache County, 6 type, 1 6, 1 @ paratype, June 25, 1924, flying amongst rabbit brush, Chrysothamnus graveolens ( Nutt.) Greene, (A. F. Braun) [A.F.B.Coll.].
Known only from the three specimens of the type series. Food plant and early stages unknown.
By genitalia, B. tenebricosa is closely allied to eurotiella Wlsm. In the male, it differs from eurotiella by the very broad base of aedeagus, and the longer, slender socii; in the female, by the broad short oviposi- tor lobes, and especially by the very different signum, a transverse ring in tenebricosa, an elongate, longitudinally placed ellipse in euwrotiella. The moths are distinct in general appearance, although the ill-defined wing markings of fenebricosa are situated as in eurotiella.
(21) Bucculatrix ericameriae new species (Figs. 93, 93a, 93b.)
Face and tuft white, eye-caps white, a few basal segments of antennal stalk entirely white, remainder of stalk conspicuously blackish-annulate. Fore wings white, with markings formed by brown-tipped ocherous scales; a line of such scales along costa from base diverges from costa just before middle forming a short slender oblique streak not attaining the middle of the wing; from two- thirds of costa, a broader oblique streak crosses the wing to tornus, the scales of its outer margin more broadly blackish-tipped; before apex, an irregular costal spot, its inner margin touching the outer margin of the oblique streak in the middle of the wing; on middle of dorsum, a large irregular spot, inwardly margined by a row of blackish scales, and bearing on fold a few raised scales; a short line of blackish-tipped scales opposite apex in the cilia, and a second line of such scales through the white cilia from apex to tornus. Hind wings and cilia fuscous. Legs whitish, tarsal segments conspicuously dark-tipped. Abdo- men shaded with fuscous above, whitish beneath.
Alar expanse 8 mm.
Female genitalia (figs. 93, 93a, 93b). Ovipositor lobes setose, with minute setae amongst the larger setae; near posterior margin of segment 8, a pair of membranous lobes, clothed with remarkable flattened specialized setae lying nearly in a dorso-ventral plane; each seta consists of a thin plate broad at the tip, the margin of one side thickened (fig. 93a) so that when viewed from the ventral side they appear as slender curved hairs (fig. 93) ; ostium small, round,
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 65
opening into a broad elongate sinus, with widely flaring margins; groups of specialized scales on posterior margin of segment 7 (position indicated on the figure by scale sockets) ; signum ribs with long slender spines, and an occasional heavier spine (fig. 93b).
Type—®, Placerville, California, 5-1-16, on Ericameria arborescens (Gray ) Greene, F. B. Herbert, Coll. [U.S.N.M., Type No. 65019]. Paratype-—@, same data as the type.
Only the female is known.
Although this species displays a general type of markings common to many western species of the genus, the unusual female genitalia will serve to separate it from all other species of our fauna.
(22) Bucculatrix variabilis Braun (Figs. 94, 94a, 95, 95a.)
1910. Bucculatrix variabilis Braun, Ent. News XX1: 176. Type 6, Mills Col- lege, Alameda County, California [A.F.B.Coll.].
Face grayish white, tuft with intermingled whitish, brown and fuscous hairs, eye-caps whitish, minutely fuscous-speckled, stalk narrowly dark-annulate. Tho- rax grayish, scales fuscous-tipped. Fore wings clothed with fuscous-tipped scales, their bases whitish, thus giving the wing an irrorated aspect; just before middle of wing a pair of oblique curved white streaks, meeting or nearly meet- ing above the fold; except for the dark inner margin of the costal streak, the ground color is paler basad of these streaks; at apical third of costa a nearly perpendicular white costal streak which meets in the middle of the wing the apices of a pair of streaks, the first from beyond middle of dorsum outwardly oblique and parallel to the first dorsal streak, the second from beyond tornus in- wardly oblique; the median area of the wing between the white streaks much darkened, especially in its dorsal halt, which bears on its inner margin a black- ish patch of slightly raised scales; before apex a curved white costal streak, sometimes indistinct, which partially encloses the apex; an irregular black apical dot from which a line of dark-tipped scales extends along termen to the white streak; a curved line of dark-tipped scales in cilia around apex. Hind wings pale gray. Legs pale gray, tarsal segments dark-tipped. Abdomen silvery gray.
Alar expanse 7 to 8 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 94, 94a). Harpe with heavy setae apically, setae pro- gressively more slender proximad; socii widely separated at base, slender, elon- gate, curved, their apices directed toward each other; uncus present, a small sharp hook; anellus with two broad thickened lobes dorsally, otherwise thin membranous; aedeagus appearing as if segmented, the slender apical section arising in a depression of the broader basal section; vinculum a band. Scale sac present.
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66 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Female genitalia (figs. 95, 95a). Ostium in a deep cup-shaped chamber, nearly as deep as the length of the anterior half of segment 7, which overlays it; lateral posterior ventral margins of segment 7 produced as flat plates, densely clothed with minute scales and margined outwardly by regularly placed short comb-like scales (fig. 95a); signum a broad ring near posterior end of bursa copulatrix, signum ribs with evenly placed long spines.
Specimens examined.-8 6,9 @.
CaLIForNIA: Mills College, Alameda County, ¢ type, rearing record B.226, on Baccharis pilularis DC., imago May 12, 1908 (G. R. Pilate) [A.F.B.Coll.], 2 2 paratypes, rearing record B.226, imagoes April 25, 1908 [A.F.B.Coll.], 1 6 paratype, March 25 (G. R. Pilate) [U.S.N.M., genitalia slide], 2 2 para- types March 25 (G. R. Pilate) [A.F.B.Coll.]; 1 9, reared, imago April 23, accompanied by cocoons (W. D. Kearfott) [U.S.N.M., 2 genitalia slide]; San Francisco, 1 2, reared on Baccharis pilularis (H. H. Keifer) [A.F.B.Coll.]; Berkeley, 1 2, on Baccharis, imago March 18, 1926 (W. W. Jones) [A.F.B. Coll.]; Stanford, Santa Clara County, 1 9, March 10 [U.S.N.M.], 5 6, 2 9, reared on Baccharis, 1magoes from February 5 to April 15 (J. W. Tilden) [A.F.B.Coll.].
Food plant, Baccharis pilularis DC. In the original description of the species the food plant was incorrectly identified. Cocoon whitish, with six low ridges and a partial seventh ridge.
The name variabilis is hereby restricted to those specimens of the original series agreeing with the above description. The statement in the original description “sometimes the white color predominates ”’ applies to the following closely related species, feeding on the same food plant at the same time.
Forbes in the Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States (1923) sunk variabilis as a synonym of aimstliella Murtf. The two species are in no way related, belonging to different sections of the genus, and there is no basis for the synonymy. McDunnough in the Checklist of Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America, Part II (1939) correctly lists the two species.
(23) Bucculatrix separabilis new species (Figs. 96, 96a, 97, 97a.) 1910. Bucculatrix variabilis Braun (in part), Ent. News XXI: 176.
Face and tuft white, the latter with brown hairs centrally; antennal stalk white with conspicuous black annulations. Thorax white, speckled with black- tipped ocherous scales. Fore wings white, marked with scattered black-tipped ocherous scales, and with groups of ocherous and black-tipped ocherous scales, which form rather well-defined markings; except for a line of black-tipped scales
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 67
along costa, the basal third of the wing above the fold is immaculate; scattered dark-tipped scales extend along the fold and above it toward middle of wing and dot the wing below fold in its basal half; an oblique streak of dark-tipped scales from basal third of costa, and a similar but broader streak from middle of costa, separated from one another by a narrow white streak; an ill-defined white streak beyond the second dark streak; on middle of dorsum a large patch of dark-tipped scales, with a few black raised scales on its inner edge; ocherous scales, often not dark-tipped, form a patch which may start as a longitudinal streak along the middle of the wing, curving downward and widening as it reaches dorsum be- fore tornus, and bordered on termen by raised black-tipped scales; ocherous scales predominate in the apical area of the wing; a few black scales form an irregular apical spot; a line of black-tipped white scales through the cilia from apex along termen. Hind wings pale yellowish gray. Legs pale yellowish gray, tarsal segments black-tipped. Abdomen pale yellow gray, fuscous posteriorly, except anal segments whitish.
Alar expanse 8 to 8.2 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 96, 96a). Similar to male genitalia of B. variabilis, but best distinguished by the short and broader erect socii; anellus without the thick- ened dorsal lobes. Scale sac present.
Female genitalia (figs. 97,97a). Ostium in a cup-shaped chamber, similar to that of B. variabilis, but narrower and less than half its depth; lateral lobes of segment 7 rounded, clothed with short slender scales; signum as in variabilis.
Type—®@, Stanford, Santa Clara County, California, reared on Baccharis, imago April 28, 1946 (J. W. Tilden) [A.F.B.Coll.].
Allotype-—é, same data as the type, except date of emergence, April 27 [A.F.B.Coll.].
Paratypes—1 6, 1 2, Stanford, California, reared on Baccharis, imagoes April 27 and 28, 1946; 2 6, Stanford University, reared on Baccharis, imagoes March 17 and 27 (J. W. Tilden) [A.F.B.Coll.]; 1 ¢, Stanford University, April 1, 1947 (J. W. Tilden) [U.S.N.M.]; 2 6, Half Moon Bay, California, on Baccharis pilularis, April 26, 1937 (W. H. Lange) [A.F.B.Coll.]; 1 2, Mills College, California, rearing record B.226, on Baccharis pilularis DC., imago May 12, 1908 (G. R. Pilate) [A.F.B.Coll.].
Bucculatrix separabilis and B. variabilis feed together on the same food plant (Baccharis pilularis DC.), and specimens of both species may be obtained in the same rearing. At the time of describing vari- abilis they were erroneously regarded as a single variable species. The two species are separated by wing markings which show little intra- specific variation, and no intergrading. The close genetic relationship of the two species is indicated by the genitalia, especially by the unique character of the female genitalia; they differ by qualitative characters
MEM. AMER. ENT. SoC., 18.
68 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
of both sexes. These two sympatric species, one of a number of paired (sibling) species occurring in this genus, are an outstanding example of speciation without isolation.
(24) Bucculatrix brunnescens new species (Figs. 99, 99a, 99b.)
Face whitish, tuft mingled white and brownish ocherous, eye-caps white, an- tennal stalk whitish ocherous, with somewhat darker ocherous annulations. Fore wings whitish (with slight ocherous tinge), dusted with scattered brownish ocher- ous scales; markings formed by groups of closely placed brown-tipped ocherous scales; at middle of wing a narrow oblique costal streak; beyond middle a more conspicuous streak, broad on costa and continued as a narrow line of scales to termen; apical area occupied by brown-tipped scales, with a few darker scales at extreme apex; at middle of dorsum, an irregular patch of brown-tipped scales, produced distally along fold; cilia pale fuscous. Hind wings pale grayish, faintly ocherous tinged, cilia concolorous. Legs whitish, segments dark-tipped.
Alar expanse 6.5 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 99, 99a, 99b). Harpes broadly rounded at apex, with short conical setae; socii broadly triangular, setose; anal region minutely spinu- lose; anellus swollen before tip; vinculum asymmetric, the left lobe broader ; aedeagus sinuate before apex, cornutus present, a slender decumbent curved tooth. Scale sac small, sccles few.
Type.—é, Elk Point, South Dakota, 1914 (C. N. Ainslie) [U.S.N.M., Type No. 65020].
Although nothing is known of the early stages of this species, the conical setae of harpe suggest a Composite feeder.
The characteristic genitalia and the brownish markings on a whit- ish ground color distinguish this species.
(25) Bucculatrix evanescens new species (Figs. 98, 98a, 103, 103a, 104.)
Face and head creamy white, tuft tinged with straw color centrally; eye-caps creamy white, antennal stalk annulate with pale gray. Thorax and fore wings creamy white. The fore wings may be almost immaculate, except for a faint yellowish shade along basal half of costa, a small black dot at end of cell and a few minute black specks in the cilia, or with faint longitudinal pale yellowish shading, sometimes a single black scale below basal fourth of fold, a few black scales at two-thirds of fold, a few scattered dark scales in the yellowish streak- ing, especially at outer third of costa, and two faint lines of scales in the cilia (all these markings present and most distinct in the type 6, faint or absent in the allotype 2, distinguishable in some of the paratypes). Hind wings and cilia creamy white, concolorous with the fore wings. Legs creamy white, sometimes outwardly shaded with pale gray, tarsal segments dark-tipped. Abdomen pale grayish straw-colored, with some darker shading.
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 69
Alar expanse 5.8 to 7 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 98, 98a). Harpes club-shaped, apex with heavy widely spaced setae; tegumen long, socii very small, widely separated, only the small rounded apex setose; anellus a truncated cone; aedeagus cylindric, forked at apex, with opposing teeth; vinculum quadrate. Scale sac bilobed.
Female genitalia (figs. 103, 103a, 104). Ovipositor setose, membrane micro- scopically spinulose; sternite of segment 8 clothed with pigmented specialized scales, of which two groups of such specialized scales are most prominent, one of these attached to the intersegmental membrane at its posterior margin and lying lateral to ostium, the other attached along a longitudinal band near the lateral margin; other specialized scales, some long, some short and more or less trapezoidal are present along the lateral margins of the eighth sternite (fig. 104) ; ostium at anterior margin of 8, the furrow beyond with sclerotized branched margins, ending anteriorly in curved free points; inception of ductus seminalis on dorsal side of ostium; ductus bursae narrow in segment 7, at first abruptly and then gradually widening to bursa; signum open ventrally between its long- est ribs, narrow and weak dorsally; signum ribs strongly sclerotized, spines few.
Type—é4, Olancha, Inyo County, California, June 16-23 [U.S.N.M., Type No. 65021].
Allotype—2, same data as the type [U.S.N.M.].
Paratypes—1 6, Olancha, Inyo County, California, June 16-23 [U.S.N.M.]; 1 ¢, Havilah, Kern County, California, June 1-7 [U.S.N.M.]; 3 2, Boyce Thompson Arboretum, Superior, Arizona, July 11, 12, 13, 1939 (A. F. Braun) [A.F.B.Coll.].
Food plant and early stages unknown.
The creamy white fore wings may aid in recognition of this species, but the unique genitalia, especially the remarkable scaling of segment 8 of the female will identify this species with certainty. The wing ex- panse of the three Arizona specimens measures a scant 5.8 mm.
(26) Bucculatrix benenotata new species (Fig. 102.)
Face white, with gray shading; forward projecting section of the tuft gray, the gray color continuing as a streak along the middle of the eye-cap; the up- right and backward projecting section of mingled gray and white hairs; anten- nal stalk whitish, with broad gray annulations. Thorax white, gray dusted; tegulae anteriorly dark gray. Basic color of the fore wing white, the white color somewhat obscured by gray-tipped scales; along costa from base a con- spicuous brownish gray streak, becoming obsolete at the middle of the wing length; dorsad of this a wedge-shaped white area immaculate except for a sprin- kling of conspicuous black scales; between the white wedge and the dorsum ex- cept for a white spot at the inner edge of a group of black scales on the fold, the wing is clothed with very small pale gray scales which are minutely dark
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
70 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
gray-tipped (a few black scales may dot this area) ; the outer half of the wing is more coarsely and unevenly dusted; a more or less defined group of dark- tipped scales near middle of dorsum includes the black scales on fold; this group of scales may be extended obliquely outward to costa; a small elongate black dot at end of cell; marginal scales at apex and along termen distinctly dark- tipped; a short row of dark-tipped scales around apex in the cilia. Hind wings and cilia pale silvery gray. Fore and middle tibiae dark gray, posterior tibiae silvery gray, all tarsal segments dark gray-tipped. Abdomen dark leaden gray.
Alar expanse 8 mm.
Female genitalia (fig. 102). Ovipositor lobes setose, membrane microscopi- cally spinulose; segment 8 clothed with groups of pigmented specialized scales; a pair of arcs of very dark-pigmented small scales curves outward and posteri- orly from near the mid-anterior ventral margin of segment 8, forming the most conspicuous structure of the segment; groups of elongate scales within and at- tached posterior to the arcs; near posterior lateral margins of sternite, spreading clusters of scales directed toward mid-line; near anterior margin of tergite of 8, a patch of minute specialized scales partially visible between the groups of scales on sternite; ostium at the anterior margin of 8, the furrow beyond it with sclerotized branched margins, ending anteriorly in curved free points; inception of ductus seminalis on dorsal side of ostium; signum narrow, open dorsally for a wide space, spines few.
Type—@, Pena Blanca Canyon, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, 26 August, 1959 (R. W. Hodges) [Cornell U., Type No. 3642].
Allotype.— 6, same data as the type, except date August 11, (R. W. Hodges) [Cornell U., Type No. 3642]. (Received too late to include description and figure of male genitalia.)
Paratypes——1 @, same data as the type, 2 2, same data as the allotype (R. W. Hodges) [Cornell U.].
Food plant and early stages unknown.
The female genitalia indicate the close relationship of 6. benenotata new species and B. evanescens new species. The dark-pigmented arcs on segment 8 of the female characterize B. benenotata. ‘The contrast in coloration of the wings of the two species would not immediately suggest this relationship ; however they agree in the presence of a stripe along costa from base, and a black dot at end of cell.
(27) Bucculatrix floccosa Braun (Figs. 100, 100a, 100b, 101, 101a, 101b.)
1923. Bucculatrix floccosa Braun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XLIX: 124. Type @, Olancha, Inyo County, California [A.F.B.Coll.].
Face white, tuft white, some brownish hairs centrally ; eye-caps white, a few basal segments of the antennal stalk white with very faint and narrow ocherous
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 71
annulations, remaining segments white at base, each segment shading through ocherous to dark brown, tips of antennae darker. Fore wings white, marked with patches of pale yellow brown-tipped scales; a few such scales just within the costa near base, sometimes forming a line reaching to one-third the wing length and there meeting an oblique streak or patch extending about one-third across the wing; beyond middle of costa a second and larger oblique streak end- ing in the middle of the wing in a group of black-tipped scales; before apex on costa, a more or less triangular patch of brown-tipped scales; in the middle of the wing at about basal fourth, a patch of brown-tipped scales, irregular and sometimes diffuse and indistinct; on middle of dorsum, a large patch of brown- tipped scales, attaining the middle of the wing, a few of the scales on its inner margin black-tipped and raised; brown-tipped scales at apex, a few of these sometimes black-tipped, and along termen forming at tornus a somewhat notice- able patch; scales, black-tipped opposite apex, sometimes continue through the white cilia to tornus as a faint line. Hind wings yellow white. Legs white, tarsal segments black-tipped. Abdomen whitish.
Alar expanse 8 to 8.8 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 100, 100a, 100b). Harpe with small apical lobe (cucul- lus) clothed with heavy conical setae; tegumen long with basal strong sclero- tization, its lateral prongs free at tips; socii setose, small, short, rounded; uncus present, a sharp curved hook; anellus broad at base tapering to oblique aper- ture; aedeagus large, more than half the length of the body, basal half wide, thence abruptly and irregularly narrowing to the slender curved apex; vinculum narrow, with strongly sclerotized median band. Scale sac present, small.
Female genitalia (figs. 101, 101la, 101b). Surface of ovipositor lobes micro- scopically tuberculate between setae; on each side of ostium on segment 8, a large patch (nearly half the width of the sternite) of minute specialized scales with strongly sclerotized margin toward mid-ventral line and at its anterior end (fig. 101a) ; ostium rounded, ductus bursae contracted immediately before ostium, but almost at once expanding nearly to the diameter of the bursa, contracting slightly before entering bursa copulatrix; signum a narrow ring, open mid-ven- trally, indistinct dorsally, signum ribs (fig. 101b) short, with a few long spines, some of dorsal ribs with a single spine.
Specimens examined.—6 6,4 Q.
CALIFORNIA: Olancha, Inyo County, 2 type, May 11, 1917 (G. R. Pilate) [A.F.B.Coll.], 3 2 paratypes, May 19, 22, June 16, 1917, 1 6 paratype, May 22, 1917 [A.F.B.Coll.]; 1 6, Monache Meadows, 8000’, Tulare County, July 17, 1917; 1 6, Palm Springs, March 28, 1917; 1 6, Loma Linda, June 5, 1912 (G: R: Pilate) [A-F.B:Goll:].
Nevapa: Pyramid Lake, 2 ¢ [U.S.N.M.].
In the Palm Springs specimen (determined as this species by gen- italia slide) most of the scales of the markings are blackish tipped, and less scattered, producing a general grayish aspect.
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
N bo
The characteristic genitalia of both sexes serve to identify this spe- cies; in the male, the long irregular aedeagus, small socii and apical lobe of harpe; in the female, the scale patches on segment 8, of a char- acter present in no other species.
(28) Bucculatrix flourensiae new species (Figs. 105, 105a, 105b, 106, 107.)
Face and head, including eye-caps and tuft silvery white, the latter with a central line of brown hairs; antennal stalk gray, with paler annulations. Thorax white, sometimes with minute grayish ocherous speckling. Head and thorax conspicuously contrasting with the dark wings. Basic ground color of the fore wings grayish white, with faint ocherous tinge, but with most of the scales shad- ing through ocherous to blackish brown at their tips, so that the prevailing color is a speckled rather dark grayish brown, with merely a few streaks and spots of the basic ground color visible; such spots and streaks are delimited by scales darker-tipped than those making up the prevailing color; before middle of costa a pale oblique streak curving to middle of wing, and followed by a streak of dark scales of equal width; beyond this a second similar pale streak, its inner edge parallel to the first, diffuses toward apex as a triangular area, but except in its proximal narrow oblique portion, is marked transversely by narrow blackish lines; at middle of dorsum a short narrow nearly perpendicular pale patch, and before tornus, a similar but oblique pale patch enclose between them a more or less defined patch of the dark scales; apex whitish, with transverse short lines of dark-tipped scales on either side and at extreme tip; two lines of closely parallel dark scales curving around apex and extending through the grayish cilia toward tornus. Hind wings pale fuscous, cilia ocherous tinged at bases. Basal segments of legs whitish, middle tibiae barred with fuscous, hairs of hind tibiae whitish, tarsal segments pale gray, black-tipped. Abdomen grayish white, posterior margins of segments darker.
Alar expanse 6.5 to 7 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 105, 105a, 105b). Harpes broad, parallel-sided, apical third setose, the setae around the curved apex conical; socii diverging, large and broadening toward tip, setose on the outer half of apical area only; uncus well- developed, elongate tongue-shaped, densely setose; anellus conical, sclerotized laterally at base; aedeagus a slender cylinder, aperture elongate, vinculum broadly triangular. Scale sac present, scales minute.
Female genitalia (figs. 106, 107). Basal area of segment 8 highly special- ized both ventrally and dorsally; ventrally a broad sclerotized band with lateral lobes margined with long specialized scales; dorsally, a sclerotized band, its ends somewhat enlarged and margined with long slender specialized scales (fig. 107) ; ductus bursae sclerotized in segment 7, ostium near anterior margin of segment 8, with the sclerotized band projecting slightly over it; signum elongate, longi- tudinally placed, ribs strongly sclerotized, the ventral with a single row of strong spines (uv), the dorsal short and bilaterally spined (d).
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 73
Type—, Pearce, Arizona, September 5, 1957, with cocoon and fragment of leaf of Flowrensia cernua DC. (W. W. Jones) [U.S.N.M., Type No. 65022].
Allotype.—é, same data as the type [U.S.N.M.].
Paratypes—1 68, 14 2, same data as the type, some with cocoon and frag- ment of leaf of Flourensia cernua DC., and bearing the additional notation “larvae defol. sq. mis. of Flowrensia cernua” [Paratypes in U.S.N.M. and Univ. of Ariz.].
Fragments of leaves accompanying some of the specimens indicate that the entire leaf, except the upper epidermis and the network of veins is consumed. The pale green cocoon is spun on the underside of the leaf; it is marked with eight to ten prominent ridges.
The white head and thorax, contrasting with the dark fore wings should enable easy recognition of this species; the green color of the cocoon is unique. The specialized characters of segment 8 of the fe- male separate this species from all others of our fauna.
(29) Bucculatrix franseriae new species (Figs. 108, 109.)
Face grayish white, tuft composed of intermingled white and gray hairs; eye-caps whitish, minutely speckled with very pale gray, antennal stalk pale gray, with dark gray annulations. Ground color of the fore wings whitish, the scales minutely tipped with very pale gray, the markings formed by scales, some of which are very narrowly black-tipped, others broadly black-tipped; a narrow stripe of indistinctly dark-tipped scales along costa from base diverges from costa at one-third, forming a short oblique streak; just beyond middle of costa, a broader patch of narrowly black-tipped scales narrows abruptly below costa, and curves into the disc almost at tornus, thence curves upward to apex, thus forming a shallow are along which the scales are conspicuously black-tipped ; this are encloses toward costa a whitish area, marked on costa by a patch of minutely dark gray-tipped scales; a few black-tipped scales in fold; on middle of dorsum, a large patch of minutely black-tipped scales, with a few more con- spicuously black-tipped scales on its inner edge; cilia gray, with a line of black- tipped scales through the center. Hind wings and cilia pale grayish white. Legs grayish white, shaded with gray, tarsal segments, except those of the meta- thoracic legs, dark gray-tipped.
Alar expanse 8 mm.
Male genitalia (fig. 108). Harpe divided for about half its length, a broad thin concave outer lobe, and a slender strongly sclerotized inner lobe (a devel- opment of costa and cucullus), with heavy setae apically; socii, widely diverging arms with strong setae; anellus broad, strongly sclerotized, with a minute ven- tral apical process; aedeagus long, sinuate, curved toward apex, aperture pro- longed basad as a narrow slit with a broad overlapping triangular flap at its base; vinculum prolonged anteriorly into long lateral prongs. Scale sac very large, scales club-shaped.
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
74 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
Female genitalia (fig. 109). Ovipositor lobes with two kinds of setae, short minute setae posteriorly, longer and more scattered setae anteriorly; segment 8 highly specialized, its lateral margins produced as elongate wings finely reticu- late posteriorly, each bearing near its anterior end, a cluster of specialized scales; anterior margin of segment 8, lateral to ostium, strongly sclerotized and highly specialized (see figure); the strongly sclerotized posterior section of ductus bursae bending to the right, from the anterior end of this strongly sclero- tized section the ductus curves posteriorly, then anteriorly to the bursa copula- trix; signum composed of clusters of closely placed parallel spined ribs, spines slender.
Type—é, Tempe, Arizona, 13 Feb. ’55, reared from Franseria deltoidea Torr., (F. F. Bibby) [U.S.N.M., Type No. 65023].
Allotype—@, same data as the type. Genitalia figured from allotype [U.S.N.M.].
Paratypes.—2 ¢, 1 2, same data as the type. Male genitalia figured from a paratype [U.S.N.M.].
The recorded food plant is Franseria deltoidea Torr. Cocoon gray, somewhat mottled, with seven or eight fine ridges.
None of the specimens is in perfect condition; most would be un- recognizable except by genitalia, but the extraordinary genitalia of both sexes warrant the description of the species. The male type is in the best condition, with abdomen and appendages present; the fe- male allotype is worn; the paratypes lack one or more wings, head, or abdomen.
(30) Bucculatrix staintonella Chambers (Figs. 110, 110a, 110b, 110c, 111.)
1878. Bucculatrix staintonella Chambers, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. of Terr. IV: 133. Cotype 6 (one of three cotypes, this one only in good condition) here designated Lectotype, and bearing the following labels: (1) Red and white with “ Type” at top on white and “1310” on bot- tom red portion, (2) White label with “ Chambers. Color.’ (3) White label with “ Bucculatrix albella, Cham. Coll.” (4) & genitalia 29.X.1957 JFGC No. 10654.
Edgerton, Colorado, altitude 6000 feet [M.C.Z., Type No. 1310].
1877. Bucculatrix albella Chambers (not Stainton), Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. of Terr. IIT: 141.
1918. Bucculatrix pertenuis Braun, Ent. News XXIX: 249. Type 6 (one of the original type series), Winnfield, Louisiana [A.F.B.Coll.]. (New synonymy. )
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 75
Face and head white, tuft typically white, but usually with ocherous or brown hairs centrally; eye-caps white, antennal stalk pale ocherous gray, anten- nal notch of male very slight. Thorax white, and except in immaculate speci- mens, a pale ocherous median stripe. In markings of fore wings the most vari- able of our species; wings varying from pure white, with merely a few brownish or black-tipped scales in apex and in cilia of termen (type of staintonella), to creamy white with more or less well-defined oblique and longitudinal ocherous streaks, a more or less distinct line of blackish scales extending from just within the margin of termen to apex of wing, and a small, but often conspicuous dot of black raised scales beyond middle of fold (as described for pertenuwis), and finally (in one specimen from Elk Point, South Dakota) wings suffused with pale reddish ocherous, longitudinal and oblique markings nearly obliterated, and only the dark scales toward apex and a ciliary line of blackish-tipped scales de- fined. When distinct, the markings are as follows: extreme costal margin near base blackish or dark brown, just within the costal margin a line of pale ocher- ous scales which meets before the middle of costa a very oblique narrow ocher- ous or dark-dusted streak, which before reaching middle of wing bends and runs parallel to costa, its apex meeting a second, less oblique and broader costal streak, its scales dark-tipped, which may cross the wing; a small group of black raised scales, attached just basad of the marginal row of scales on termen; these continue as a black line to apex of wing; on costa beyond the second oblique streak, a more or less defined triangular patch of ocherous or fuscous-tipped scales; an ocherous streak along the fold; a rather broad ocherous streak or spot beyond middle of dorsum, on its inner edge on fold a few black raised scales, usually forming a small black dot (absent in immaculate specimens) ; the ocher- ous scales may be lacking and then the black dot only is present; at tornus, an elongate group of dark-tipped scales; dark-tipped scales, sometimes scattered, form a line in the cilia of termen. Hind wings and cilia usually pale grayish, rarely ferruginous ocherous. Legs whitish, tarsal segments tipped with dark brown, minutely so in nearly immaculate specimens. Abdomen beneath whitish, above with more or less fuscous shading.
Alar expanse 6.5 to 9 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 110, 110a, 110b, 110c). Harpe with a triangular flat apical area densely clothed with heavy black setae, the distal rows hooked, the setae progressively longer and more slender proximad, finally hair-like (fig. 110a); socii elongate, setose; anellus a cone, sclerotized ventrally; vinculum quadrate, produced anteriorly into a long slender rod; aedeagus slender except at base, sinuous. Scale sac bilobed (fig. 110c).
Female genitalia (fig. 111). Near anterior margin of segment 8 and lateral to ostium a pair of internal curved sclerotized processes; ostium with minute sclerotized points; extending laterally from either side of ostium a transverse sclerotized band; laterally near posterior margin of segment 7, a cluster of short,
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
76 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
specialized but striated scales; ductus bursae slender, widening near bursa, sig- num a narrow collar of spined ribs at the posterior end of bursa, spines long and slender.
Specimens examined.—21 6, 12 Q.
CoLtorapo: Edgerton, ¢ type (V. T. Chambers) [M.C.Z.].
New Mexico: Pecos, 1 ¢, at light, June 25 (CkIl.) [U.S.N.M.]; Las Vegas, 1 9, 7-8 (H. S. Barber, Collector) [U.S.N.M.]; State College, Dona Ana Co., 1 2, July 8, 1945 (J. R. Eyer) [J. R. Eyer Coll.].
Lourstana: Winnfield, 1 6 (type of pertenuis Braun), June 30, 1915 (G. R. Pilate) [A.F.B.Coll.]; 6 6, 3 2 (paratypes of pertenuis Braun), June 27 to July 9 (G. R. Pilate) [A.F.B.Coll.].
FiLoripa: Siesta Key, Sarasota County, 4 6, March 2 to April 17 (C. P. Kimball) [C. P. Kimball Coll. ].
Mrissourtr: Branson, Taney County, 1 2, July 9, 1938 (A. F. Braun) [A.F.B. Coll. ].
Iowa: Sioux City, 8 $, 4 2, July (C. N. Ainslie) [U.S.N.M.].
SoutH Daxorta: Elk Point, 2 9 (C. N. Ainslie) [U.S.N.M.].
Food plant and early stages unknown.
The Pecos, New Mexico specimen was compared with the type at the Museum of Comparative Zoology by Dr. J. F. Gates Clarke, who writes “ Your specimen has more of the black atoms apically than are present on the type and more of the faint, pale yellow streaks of the fore wing.”’ Male genitalia of this specimen agree exactly with the type (slide of type by J. F. Gates Clarke), as do also the male genitalia of the Iowa and Louisiana specimens; the male genitalia of the Florida specimens, although agreeing structurally with the unique and charac- teristic typical genitalia, differ in the relatively short tegumen and very small soci.
The wings of the Iowa series show a gradation from well-defined and distinct markings as described to nearly immaculate. The great variation in wing markings thus renders identification except by geni- talia uncertain. The characteristic and unique genitalia of both sexes separate staintonella from all other described species.
(31) Bucculatrix immaculatella Chambers
1875. Bucculatrix immaculatella Chambers, Canad. Ent. VII: 54. Type local- ity, Texas (? Bosque County).
1877. Bucculatrix immaculatella Chambers, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. of Terr. III: 141.
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 77
The type of B. immaculatella could be found neither in the Museum of Com- parative Zoology nor in the United States National Museum. Chambers thus briefly characterized the species: “ No tongue? Silvery white, immaculate. Al. ex. vs inch. Season, May.” Again in describing B. albella Chambers (not Stainton), he writes: “ Also resembles B. tmmaculatella, Cham. from Texas, but is smaller, and imumaculatella has no dusting on the wings.”
It is possible that B. immaculatella is an immaculate form of B. staintonella, and if so, the name immaculatella would have priority ; however for the present, it had best be regarded as an unrecognized species.
(32) Bucculatrix agnella Clemens (rigs, WZ, WZ, Wao, ils), Wise, Wilson, Ise, WILSKel)
1860. Bucculatrix agnella Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.: 211. Type 4, Easton, Pennsylvania [A.N.S.P., Type No. 7499].
1872. Bucculatrix agnella Stainton, Tin. No. Am., p. 147.
1903. Bucculatrix agnella Busck, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V: 205.
1923. Bucculatrix agnella Forbes, Mem. 68, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta., p. IBY/.
1873. Bucculatrix capitealbella Chambers, Canad. Ent. V: 150. Type, Ken- tucky [M.C.Z.]; two “Types” both without abdomen [U.S.N.M.]. (New synonymy. )
1878. Bucculatrix capitialbella Chambers, Bull. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. of Terr. IV: 133. (Spelling correction. )
1923. Bucculatrix capitealbella Forbes, Mem. 68, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta.,
oy WEY.
1875. Bucculatrix albicapitella Chambers, Canad. Ent. VII: 125. (New syn- onymy. )
1923. Bucculatrix albicapitella Forbes, Mem. 68, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta., pe US7.
1923. “ B. species C” Forbes, Mem. 68, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta., p. 157.
Face white, somewhat shaded with pale brown; tuft white, in darker speci- mens with a considerable mixture of dark fuscous hairs; eye-caps white, anten- nal stalk dark fuscous, with narrow pale annulations. Thorax white, tegulae narrowly fuscous anteriorly. Fore wings white, with a variable degree of dust- ing with pale luteous scales, especially along the fold and toward dorsum, and in the apical area of wing; markings formed by oblique streaks of blackish- or fuscous-tipped scales, these streaks variable in extent and in depth of coloration; one such streak, often short, from basal third of costa is produced basad along costa to base; a second streak, just beyond middle of costa is darkest near costa and usually prolonged as a narrow luteous streak to middle of termen, there meeting a few black-tipped scales; these streaks are narrowly separated by the white ground color and the second is followed by a narrow white streak reach- ing across the wing nearly to termen; before apex a triangular patch of luteous
MEM. AMER. ENT. Soc., 18.
78 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
scales, broad on costa where the scales are usually fuscous-tipped; black scales form a more or less clearly defined apical spot, from which a few dark-tipped scales may project into the base of the cilia; a line of dark-tipped scales extends through the middle of the whitish cilia, fading out toward tornus; on the middle of the fold an irregular patch of a few black or fuscous-tipped scales is to a greater or less degree preceded and followed by the luteous scales; in the darker specimens, there are a few dark-tipped scales on dorsal margin near base. Hind wings and cilia whitish, the latter with a faint coppery tinge. Legs pale grayish luteous, tarsal segments conspicuously blackish fuscous-tipped. Abdomen pale gray, more or less shaded above with fuscous.
Alar expanse 7 mm.
Male genitalia (figs. 113, 113a, 113b, 113c, 113d). Harpe (113a) short and broad, nearly parallel-sided, weakly emarginate at apex, costal apical area clothed with strong setae; socii (113, 113b) exceeding the harpes, rounded, setose; subscaphium finely setose; anellus broad at base soon contracting and becoming parallel-sided; vinculum somewhat produced anteriorly; aedeagus (113c) tapering, aperture armed with sclerotized teeth. Scale sac (113d) bi- lobed, scales slender.
Female genitalia (figs. 112, 112a, 112b). Vaginal setae apparent, ostium at anterior margin of segment 8, ductus bursae strongly sclerotized in segment 7, inception of ductus seminalis at anterior margin of the sclerotized section; duc- tus bursae forked in segment 6, the forks entering bursa separately in segment 5; signum a ring ventrally broad, narrowing dorsad, and finally scarcely more than a series of dots; signum ribs (112a) with short branched spines.
Specimens examined.—38 6, 23 2, 14 sex not determined.
PENNSYLVANIA: Easton, 6 type [A.N.S.P.]; Philadelphia, 1 ¢, May 13 (F. Haimbach) [A.N.S.P.]; Floradale, Adams Co., 1 4, July, 1917 [J. R. Eyer Coll. ].
New Jersey: New Lisbon, 4 6, 1 2, July 13, July 27, August 4, August 12, Sept. 21 (Darlington Coll.) [A.N.S.P.]; Montclair, 3 6, 5 2, Sept. 1, 5, 15; Essex County Park, 2 6, 2 9, May 15, 18, August 13, 23 (W. D. Kearfott) [U.S.N.M.]; 1 ¢, July 10 (W. D: Kearfott) [A.F.B-.Coll.].
New York: Monroe County, 1 ¢, Aug. 1, 1949 (C. P. Kimball) [A. E. Brower Coll.]; 1 2, August 28, 1949 (C. P. Kimball) [C. P. Kimball Coll.].
MassacuuseEtts: Barnstable, 1 ¢, July 6, 1950 (C. P. Kimball) [C. P. Kim- ball Coll.].
District oF CotumBia: Washington, 6 6, 2 2, April 27, May 20, June, August (August Busck) [U.S.N.M.].
TENNESSEE: Nashville, 10, 6, 2, Sept., Oct. (G. G. Ainslie) [U.S.N.M.]; Monteagle, el. 2000, 1 6, Aug. 30 (A. G. Richards) [Cornell U.].
Kentucky: Type (capitealbella Chambers) [M.C.Z.]; 2 “types” (capite- albella Chambers) [U.S.N.M.]; 1 2 (labeled capitialbella in Chambers’ hand- writing) [U.S.N.M.]; 1 4, 2 9, (August Busck) [U.S.N.M.].
ANNETTE F. BRAUN 79
Onto: Cincinnati, + 6, 4 @, April 24, May 26, Aug. 15-16, Sept. +12; Brown County, 1 ¢, 2 2, rearing record B.2212, larvae August 31, on leaves of Ambrosia artemisufolia L., imagoes April 12, April 16; Mineral Springs, Adams County, 4 6, 1 2, Aug. 12-24; Pike County, 1 2, July 27 (A. F. Braun) [A.F.B.Coll.].
MicuiGAN: Wayne County, 4 ¢, August 16, September 12 (Ralph Beebe) [Ralph Beebe and A.F.B.Coll.].
Texas: 1 specimen without head, sex undetermined, labeled capitealbella in Chambers’ handwriting [U.S.N.M.]; may be kimballi and not agnella.
Missourr: “C, Mo. 8/12, 90, on apple” [U.S.N.M.]; 1 ¢ (Kirkwood), “ Bucculatrix on Ambrosia, 1. 10/29 and 12/14” with typical pink cocoon [Cor- nell U.].
SoutH Daxorta: Elk Point, 1 6 (C. N. Ainslie) [U.S.N.M.].
The food plant of this widely distributed species is Ambrosia arte- misitfolia L. and probably other species of the genus. The egg is de- posited on the upper side of the leaf against a vein; except in the earliest part of its course, the long, very fine mine follows the extreme margin of the leaf for several of its divisions, sometimes towards its end turning inward onto the leaf blade. The mine is inconspicuous, the deserted mines scarcely visible when the epidermis shrivels at the leaf margin. The first white moulting cocoon is spun immediately on leav- ing the mine, the second is of denser texture than the first. The ex- posed larva at first skeletonizes the leaf, later consumes the entire leaf substance in irregular patches. Last instar larva dark reddish brown, with only the minute tubercles on which the setae are inserted, green. Cocoon slender, with six or seven ridges, of a dirty pinkish color, in contrast to the white cocoon of B. ambrosiaefoliella Chambers feeding on the same plant.
The specimens referred to by Forbes (Mem. 68, Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. p. 157) as ~ B. species C,” “ Larva on Ambrosia” are dark-marked specimens of B. agnella. The name “ albicapitella” is an apparent transposition of syllables; it is not listed in Chambers’ ~ alee?
B. agnella is closely allied to the following species from Florida and Texas, and is scarcely distinguishable from it except by characters of the female genitalia.
MEM. AMER. ENT. SOC., 18.
80 BUCCULATRIX IN NORTH AMERICA
(33) Bucculatrix kimballi new species (Figs. 114, 114a, 114b, 115, 115a.)
Face white, tuft white; eye-caps and a few basal segments of stalk white, especially in female, stalk outwardly pale brownish gray, with faint paler annu- lations. Fore wings white, markings formed by fuscous or blackish-tipped scales; sometimes a faint longitudinal